Pregnancy and childbirth, pregnancy calendar, birth of the child, development of the child, health of children.

The your kid becomes more adult, the more "surprises" appears in its behaviour. After the first cataclysms of that stage when to the child year was executed and it has shown aspiration to independence and independence, there has come rather quiet period. But minulo time, and rest has changed following crisis which in psychology has received the name of "crisis of three years".

During this period the most important task which is solved by the small person, is a necessity to ego-trip in the world, to prove the independence and independence. "I" - such words accompany each step of the child. And it not whim, and vital necessity.

Thus, crisis of three years is the period in a life of the kid when it at any cost should prove the right to independence of decisions, to own desires and requirements which do not depend on will of adults which surround it. And, if the child will not manage to convince of it, first of all, itself, in the future life to it it will be extremely difficult.

During this period there is a full reorganisation of relations of the child to adults who surround it. Crisis of three years is a crisis of the settled mutual relations to construct new forms of relations between the child and the adult. By the end of early age the kid has a tendency to independence which causes not only occurrence of this independence appreciable outwardly, but also simultaneously branch of the child from the adult. Before the kid perceived people who surround it as a part of. Now the children's life from the world limited to subjects, turns to the world of adult people.

Again parents with surprise observe displays of obstinacy, disobedience, willfulness, the protest, revolt, and sometimes even despotism from the kid. And if at the age of one year the child simply did, or, at least, tried to do all in own way now such behaviour is accompanied by words "I". And it is valid, the child tries to do all independently or, even more often, does on the contrary: when call to have dinner, answers I "do not want", when suggest to gather for walk, asserts, that wants and so forth.

What has occurred? And that the child has realised for the first time itself as the person takes place, has separated itself from parents. Henceforth he aspires to become adults, to operate how seniors operate. Certainly, it not always is possible to it, therefore causes the protest and negativism. The child refuses to submit to requirements which are put by adults, insists on own opinion, on the decision, sometimes it happens similar that the child declared war to parents and protests against all settled rules and customs which existed earlier. Basically, your kid extracts in struggle at the moment the right not simply on physical independence as it was during crisis of one year. Now the child independently comprehends and solves, what its intentions and desires.

What can parents make? The exit is that, as well as during the previous crisis - to show a patience maximum, to give to the child as much as possible independence in those spheres where it is possible. Thus, it is necessary for the kid of more freedom of actions. Certainly, at the moment all in another way, the kid already enough adult that it could be distracted simply from immediate realisation of any concrete desire. Now, when the child already has a perception of as persons, real comprehension own "want", its intentions become conscious. Such small person it is already impossible to "switch" to something another. To supervise over behaviour of the three-year kid begins much more hard. Henceforth it is impossible to impose simply to it the will, of course, speech does not go about extreme cases, for example, when independence display can do much harm to the child.

How to operate in such situations? To show a patience maximum, to give to the child the option, it is possible to warn in time the kid, for example, that "soon we will go to walk, you finish game and start to gather". Will see, as really your child will be soon ready to go on walk.

Experts have established, that if parents encourage desire of the kid independently to make of the decision and give it possibility of a free choice, he starts to behave more responsibly so brings to parents of less alarms from the point of view of personal safety faster. The kid himself can solve, whether will is the squash "additive", what toys wishes to play at the moment, that will draw, there will be houses with the daddy or will go together with mum to shop. Certainly, certain frameworks from adults are necessary, after all at the kid self-checking is still insufficiently developed and he is not able to define potentially dangerous situations, therefore not always can be saved from failures, and sometimes and traumas. But ability of the child to provide danger is that skill which demands purposeful study and formation. The child seizes all necessary on own experience. And if it does not receive such experience, it will not be simple to know, that a needle sharp, fire - is baked, etc. Let by the kid will try to touch a finger a tip of a needle and will feel, that is sick, next time will be cautious to address with this subject. Similarly the child needs to be entered and into the world of other dangerous employment. Remember that it is important not to save the kid from falling, after all it is simply impossible, as anybody from parents cannot be constant with the child but if we learn the child to be cautious, or, in other words, we will explain how correctly to "fall", then it is possible to feel confidence that it will not be endangered once again.

Such elementary skills of independence will allow to bring up sensation of a self-trust at the kid, and it becomes very useful already in the near future when it will go to a garden.

The most important, that occurs to your kid during the period from a year to three, is the beginning of formation of the person. Though the first, almost invisible, steps to this direction are carried out already since a birth. But from the beginning of the second year of a life processes in development of the person become more intensively: the child as we already spoke, starts to separate itself from the adult. At three-year age the kid feels the person, "I" speak about myself, allocates "person" from a society, defines, what situations are important for it and which are not present. All symptoms of crisis of three years testify that the child had a desire to show own "I", and he searches for occasions to oppose itself(himself) to the adult. Here two examples which illustrate such behaviour. Small Dima (2 years of 7 months) approach to a plate and speaks to itself: " Dima, it is impossible to touch a plate ", and at once to itself answers" And I will be ". Except ability to delimit the desires from desires of adults, children also study in self-checking. Vanja (2 years of 6 months) run on kitchen where the grandmother makes a supper. It approaches to a case with ware, takes out a plate and bears somewhere. The grandmother stops it:" And well put! ", the grandson puts a vessel into place. Then at once its beret and again somewhere goes. To it again speak"Put", the kid gives a plate, and further vzlelejannyj in dreams the subject once again suffices and leaves with it kitchen. This time the grandmother has kept silent. Then Vanja to itself speaks:" And well put! "Also carries a thing into place.

Through certain time after displays of "crisis" behaviour, having tried of patience of parents, having learnt about certain borders permitted in the behaviour, your kid, already much more independent and more adult, continues to develop and change, but there is it top-level. After all now this small person already knows much and can, she has learnt the important things which are necessary for a life in the world of people: is able to speak, confidently enough goes and does so much everything, that one year ago to it it was inaccessible. Thus, mutual relations with adults rise on qualitatively new level. The child, delimiting itself from the adult, establishes with it deeper relations.

At this age there is a tendency to independent activity which is similar to activity of seniors, - after all parents act for the kid as the sample, and he wishes to operate, as they. Having realised itself, the desires, the child starts intelligently to wish them to realise for the first time. And it is the first step to a growing.