Pregnancy and childbirth, pregnancy calendar, birth of the child, development of the child, health of children.

What unruly and fast now your kid. Gait became assured, movements of hands - more exact. And in your relations there was a new aspect: if it was necessary to involve in game of the child earlier, now all of you more often in dialogue with own child use a word it "is impossible". Inquisitiveness and curiosity so grasp the child that it is possible to confirm unequivocally about occurrence in your family small "pochemuchki".

Physical development

The kid continues to grow, this process will always draw your attention. Whether all is timely, whether it is enough of all? After all present physical development is a pledge future "physical beauty" and health of the kid.

In the second half of the year the child in weight adds only 1,5-2 kg, and in growth - 4-7 see And, already in this age period boys "take" the, advancing in physical indicators of girls.

The thorax circle by the end of the second year of a life increases at boys by 1,2-1,7 sm, and at girls - on 2,2-2,6 advantage of girls see Here. By the way, same concerns also weights. Natural features of growth of children of a different floor are such.

It is not necessary to forget and about family features of a constitution (constitutional). Take an interest, what rates you as your parents developed grew. Everyone has individual "jumps" of growth (when in physical development body growth at length prevails) and "roundings off" (if on the foreground there is an increase in weight of a body). The only thing - do not forget about extreme importance of presence in a food of children of animal protein and mineral salts. It is pledge of normal age physical development.

Till the end of the second year of a life at your kid already should be twenty teeth. In the second half-year both canines, and subsequently - the second moljary should be added at first.

Let's visit the pediatrist

As to medical aspects, in overwhelming majority of cases they at this age are reduced to planned quarterly survey of the pediatrist with habitual for parents and kids measurements of growth, weights, circles and indexes which will testify to normal rates of physical development of the kid. Subsequently the doctor will spend also a standard estimation of psychological development. All survey will end with recommendations about care of the child. Typical advice for this age is the reminder concerning continuation of preventive maintenance of a rickets which is spent till the end of the second year of a life. If at the kid this disease you should watch timely introduction of a medical dose of vitamin D is revealed.

Mode of day

As a rule, in the morning children of the second year of a life wake up, but time for this purpose at everyone a miscellaneous. It depends on temperament of the child and its other specific features, and also the general way of life of all family.

As to features of awakening, it is necessary to name some the general rules. Never awake the kid in the morning, let at it "will work" own "alarm clock". If the kid has woken up, do not allow it razlezhivatsja, raise to itself "idler". Softly talk to the child, smile, plant on a pot, wash, feed. It is desirable, that the child has taken a walk in the street in the morning. On walk it is better to leave with a carriage even if the kid willingly runs or goes, - in time certain weariness all the same will prevail, and rest in a carriage will be for it pleasant, will not prevent to survey environment, and will keep your back (the child is already enough weighty!). Leave with the kid on walk of not less than two times a day, and, irrespective of weather! On an extreme case - everyone has loggias, balconies, verandahs.

If at your child of a problem with appetite or a dream (uneasy with frequent awakenings), develop a habit to walk with the kid till 6-8 o'clock a day, and towards evening it is obligatory. Observance of a diet, walks, an after-dinner and evening dream for such kids it almost the basic method of treatment! Also remember, that in any case in the evening before a dream it is necessary to try to avoid superfluous impressions and emotions (a campaign on a visit, the TV, games).

Duration of a dream at this age changes a little. The child should sleep 10-11 hours, and in the afternoon only once, and on the average till three o'clock at night.

Try to change an environment of the kid less often. The child should be in stable conditions (apartment, the house, familiar landscapes, park, your members of a family, the consent between adults, brothers, little sisters). All it stimulates good and uniform physical, mental and social development of the child.

All … and quickly

The requirement for movement is at all live. But especially it is characteristic for the second half of the year of the second year of a life of kids. Insignificantly how: creeping, "on four", going "on two" or running in "hodunkah". Ways of movement all it only. By the end of the second year of a life the kid already should go and run well independently. Though falling also is obligatory attribute of this age period. But on errors study, - each failure in development of skills of walking is lessons which the child acquires, probably, better, than we do conclusions of own "adult" errors …

If you wish to play with the kid in a ball it willingly suffices its both hands and throws, can roll a foot. Together with development of the general mobility, movements become more thorough. And in general, the kid gradually becomes more and more dexterous. Now it already approaches to a subject which has interested him, bends, lifts, using not only a palm, but also fingers and … brings to a mouth as and at this age one of the basic bodies of knowledge all the same have a mouth.

Take care of safety

As we already spoke, superfluous mobility and curiosity often enough lead to that the child reaches earlier "inaccessible" places (we will tell, your boxes). Extending therefrom all successively, it usually brings "new" to a mouth. At this age often enough kids get to medical institutions as a result of poisonings and accidents. Therefore warn the child against such troubles - examine the premise "in a new fashion", remembering about the increased possibilities of your two-year-old kid.

One more danger of this age is falling. The kid goes and tries to run skilfully, but it is only imaginary dexterity. Therefore pay attention to everything, that can do it harm, - protect sharp corners of furniture, take care of safety of doors. If the kid all the same has fallen, observe of it, occurrence of dangerous symptoms - vomitings, rise in temperature, deformations of a leg is possible, handles, etc. At their occurrence necessarily show the child to the expert.

"Clear head" of the second year

Certainly, so gently address to the kid and you. After all it actually so. If in the end of the first year of a life the volume of a brain of the child made 3/5 from volume of a brain of the adult by the end of the second year of a life - has increased to 4/5.

The pleasant sensation of the made "successful" business (we will tell, a way to armchair top) is already peculiar to the kid of two-year-old age. It remains in memory, therefore what is not possible, compels to new "training" attempts.

Gradually at the child the understanding of a cause and effect chain is formed also. For example, the kid already realises: the falling subject is created always by identical noise, water which flows from the crane, gives out the sounds and if to substitute under a handle stream they become wet.

Second half second of a life is time when it is necessary to accustom the kid to a word "is not present or it is impossible". But use it reasonably. At all do not forbid all successively. How to it to investigate where to walk, not having broken your interdiction?! Accustoming the child to the forbidden maintenance of a word "is not present", some times speak "is not present, no, is not present", shaking a head. The kid takes your gestures on "arms" and subsequently, having approached to the forbidden object, will "tease" you. But it not simply game. It is process of comprehension of your lesson. Though happens, that such "training" will fast deduce from itself you, than you something will reach. But, remember, that concept formation "is impossible" is a step to comprehension of the person, own "I". As well as at us, adults, formation "I" occur through deprivation something, refusal or an interdiction. These concepts play a fundamental role in intellectual development of the child.

In global aspect the person in general carries out two basic actions - "creation" and "destruction". Talents of "destroyer", by the way, start to be shown at the child from second year of a life. As result - ispolosovannye the newspapers, the scattered books, the ornamented walls. In the popular literature the period from 1,5 till 2 years often and name "age of destruction". Actually, it not so as for our children is only school of actions. Kids yet do not realise, that destroy something, they only study.

The person begins with a word

The lexicon of the kid at two-year-old age continues to replenish. Though during the period between 19-22 months replenishment of the active dictionary is a little slowed down, at this time the understanding of the told intensively develops. Children study to combine words, uniting them in phrases from two or three words. If the kid is mistaken in a combination of words, correct completely all phrase which he has told, instead of a separate word. Thus, will help it to generate understanding of how correctly to build a phrase. You should correct the child benevolently and unostentatiously that at it the desire to speak in general has not disappeared. Try to accustom the kid as it is possible to put more full into words the requirements even if you take the hint of the child. It is necessary for stimulation at the child of necessity to speak, and he can study in this hard art!

Till the end of the second year of a life the child knows already almost three hundred words, has accurate idea about appointment of surrounding household goods and personal hygiene, correctly them applies. Getting acquainted with new things, children try to learn their functions, asking to the adult a question "As it is called?". In the answer to the adult it is necessary not only to name a thing, but also to show to the child as it is correct it to use.

Memory of the kid

The child of this age can already remember and after a while repeat simple movements, gestures, sounds. Most of all kids like to repeat movement, after all ability to remember certain movement and to repeat it brings huge pleasure. And what pleasure is received by associates which observe of ridiculous and such awkward movements of the kid! Impellent memory thus develops. Later children start to copy actions of adults of which they observed. You can notice, how the kid approaches to phone to "call" the daddy for work, or imitates the reference of mum with the senior brother.

Till two years at children operative memory is already enough developed, and they are capable to remember the purpose, put certain time back. Probably, right now you will face that, even having hidden any thing, you cannot distract from it attention of the kid. It will try to reach "object" of the interest, "using" other adult. The child is capable to recollect, where has put a toy during last game and searches for it there, instead of on a habitual place. The kid recollects persons native even after three-week separation, from pleasure considers pictures and can answer, that on them is drawn.

Till two years the child has a new qualitative feature of attention. If earlier the kid was attentive to emotional contacts to adults, subjects and actions to them now it becomes especially impressionable to words. Earlier the word of the adult only directed attention, accompanied actions of the child. Now the child starts to comprehend for the first time the speech maintenance.

Small "scientist-experimenter"

And still your small "researcher" gradually turns to "scientist-experimenter". Now the child tries to find out, that it is possible to do with things. The kid can interest, that will occur to a fluffy bear if to knock on it with a cube, to throw it or to push under a sofa … Gradually these experiments will learn the child to those laws which supervise over subjects in our world. It opens, that the ball and an apple can kotitsja, and cubes - are not present, if a toy to throw, it always falls downwards and when to pour out water on herself - that will be wet. In general, the child does daily set of other opening about world around - the trues habitual for adults, but such fine for the kid.

Experiments of young "researcher" do not pass for nothing. Thus, the child of this age is already capable to predict and specify a movement direction, the location of familiar subjects. And, probably, your crumb already "pleased" you time and again, having learnt to overcome obstacle which prevent to reach a desirable subject. Actually, at all does not surprise, that the kid has guessed, as it is possible to open doors of a case which you so have reliably closed; he has invented a way to remove the bed which prevents to reach a box where hide photos, etc. And now each time already will faster understand, how it is possible to overcome an obstacle, to reach the wished.

Probably, for the first time at this age your child will start to come to certain conclusions by a guess, instead of a method of attempts and errors. Now the kid does not need differently to try to solve a task in view - some decisions will intuitively come, pleasing as small "pioneer", and you. And that tsennee everything, - the child will use an own way, that is it will not be imitation actions of the adult, and the real opening.

Here already behind the life second year. To you will come native and friends, and you with pleasure inform on all new achievements of the kid of which you most of all are proud! Let each new step to yours with the kid of a life will be wise, useful and assured, and each next day brings only pleasure and a family cosiness!