Pregnancy and childbirth, pregnancy calendar, birth of the child, development of the child, health of children.

At the heart of a word "vitamins" the root "vita" lays, that on the Latin means a life. And really, these biologically active organic connections are vital for a human body. Vitamins actively participate in exchange processes, provide firmness of an organism to adverse factors of environment.

For today scientists know some tens vitamins and vitaminopodobnyh connections, but from them twenty are well studied only.

That it is better to see at the night

Ancient Egyptians used the boiled liver as means better to see at the night. But there have passed many years while people have understood the mechanism of this action.

Vitamin A (akseroftol, retinol) carry to group of fat-soluble vitamins. It contains in some products of an animal origin - cod-liver oil, a liver, dairy products (sour cream, a butter), eggs. But only half of daily norm of vitamin A necessary for a human body is satisfied after their use. The others arrive from vegetative products which contain pigmentary carotin. Karotinoidy (from French carrot - carrots) orange-red pigments which at hit in a human body have property under the influence of enzyme karotinazy to turn to vitamin A. They contain in leaves, colours and fruits of many plants, and also in mushrooms and seaweed. In a human body of these predecessors of vitamins as a result of difficult oxidising reactions it is formed retinol (vitamin А1), and in an organism of fresh-water fishes - vitamin А2. Retinol in a free condition has a crystal structure. Its crystals of yellow colour, are dissolved in fats, an aether, acetone and other organic solvents which are insoluble in water. As carotin (the predecessor of vitamin A) it is three times weaker some vitamin A, it is necessary for using three times the big doses. For example, if daily norm for a vitamin A organism - 1,5 mg carotin it is necessary - 4,5 mg. Those parts of plants richest on carotin and fruits which are painted in orange-red or green colour. A lot of this substance in carrots, red pepper, tomatoes, a nettle, spinach, salad, a pumpkin, a green onions, parsley, shchavele, peaches, apricots, sea-buckthorn berries and dogrose fruits.

Vitamin A and carotin have fine property to collect in an organism, and their surplus can remain more year, therefore it is enough to sate of itself during the aestivo-autumnal period with corresponding products that then the whole winter on the sly to use these elements from "own" stocks. The vitamin A reserve can be spent throughout 2-3 years.

Usual thermal processing does not influence almost MAINtenance in products retinola. Mastering by an organism of carotin and its transformation in retinol improves, if vegetable dishes to prepare with fat (for example to extinguish carrots with sour cream).

"protivoinfektsionnyj vitamin"

Such vitamin A considered long before an official recognition. It strengthens immune system, operating on level of mucous membranes of a gastroenteric path. There is enough only 20 thousand international units of vitamin - also the risk of occurrence of complications after a chicken pox, pulmonary infections decreases. At sick of AIDS the additive of moderate quantity of vitamin A can brake disease development. Any damage of a skin (ozheg, the cut, surgical intervention) is better healed if to accept vitamin A because it stimulates allocation of substances which promote healing of fabrics, causes collagen synthesis in a wound, reduces danger of infections (especially in a complex with zinc).

For support of health of a skin vitamin A also is necessary. For example, it is necessary to apply vitamin A to treatment of eels throughout 3-4 months in rather big doses, but in such quantities it is counter-indicative for pregnant women because increases risk of occurrence at the child of congenital defects.

Some researches of science officers confirm that vitamin A promotes support of level of sugar of blood at the expense of more effective utilisation of insulin.

Insufficiency of vitamin

Absence or lack of vitamin A products leads to infringement of processes of an exchange, growth delay, an exhaustion, infringement of functions of nervous system, decrease in functions of different glands, konjunktivitu, dryness and orogoveniju skin, furunkulezu, to decrease in resistance of an organism and firmness to infections. An irrational food and the low maintenance retinola in products can be the reasons of insufficiency of vitamin A in a children's organism; the raised requirement in retinole during the certain age periods when there is an intensive growth of the child; raised use of stocks retinola and karotinov, that occurs at sharp and chronic diseases of bodies of digestion (a hepatitis, holetsistoholangit, ljamblioz, a chronic enteritis, enterokolit, a mechanical jaundice); congenital infringements of an exchange retinola. Insufficiency development retinola is promoted by use of certain groups of antibiotics which its processes vsasyvanija brake. Very often insufficiency retinola is observed at chest children, especially at nedonoshennyh as vitamin A stocks in a fruit organism are insignificant and are postponed mainly for last two months of pregnancy. In the first days of a life the organism of the child is provided retinolom at the expense of a colostrum in which carotin and retinol contain in bolshem quantity, than in female milk. In female milk the quantity retinola fluctuates within 165-180 mkg, carotin - about 400 mkg.

The daily requirement of an organism of the healthy child at the age of 17 years in retinole makes 1 mg (3300 ME), from 8 till 15 years - 1,5 mg (5000 ME). It grows in result of action on an organism of physical activity, a heat, at different diseases. On the average it is necessary for adult person to use daily 5-10 thousand ME of vitamin A. At gipovitaminoze And there is a propensity to inflammatory diseases of bodies of breath, digestive system, mochevydelitelnyh ways. In a number of the countries of Africa, Asia, Latin America one of the most serious consequences of absence of vitamin A - "night blindness", visual acuity loss, especially in twilight and darkness is observed. Therefore the people, which work is connected with pressure of sight (pilots, machinists, drivers, editors, writers, proof-readers), should use the raised quantity of vitamin A. As medical means it is applied at diseases of a skin, an eye, a liver, infectious diseases, an atherosclerosis, a hypertension and tireotoksikoze. With the preventive and medical purpose use mainly synthetic preparations: retinola acetate or retinola palmitat, and also a vitamin A concentrate in oil which represents a solution of fat-soluble vitamins from a liver of fishes. To accept these means it is necessary cautiously, adhering to dosages, as there are cases of development of a cirrhosis at long (throughout 5 years) reception retinola acetate. Besides, its separate derivatives cause superfluous potovydelenie and loss of hair.

Redispensing

In connection with wide application of vitamin A in the medical purposes, there are cases of its superfluous use which is adversely displayed on health. gipervitaminoz And it is characterised by a skin itch, it lushcheniem, a sleeplessness, a headache. This condition can come and during the long use of the products very rich on carotin and retinol (a liver of sea fishes and animals, carrot juice).