Pregnancy and childbirth, pregnancy calendar, birth of the child, development of the child, health of children.

To your kid it was executed two … At last, you think, it becomes independent and judicious. But for some reason the kid all keeps for your skirt more strong and hides from all extraneous and unfamiliar for a fatherly back. Means, with independence while, leaves nothing. But do not worry, - all will come in due course.

Growth and development

Throughout this age period the kid continues to grow. In weight types on the average 1-1,5 kg, in growth - 2-3 These figures, certainly see, are approximate because each child has individual "curve" of growth. Write down such data in birthday of the child. It will be a good indicator for the doctor, and sight for all family.

Mode of day

At this age and further the organisation of a mode of day has enough great value. The general dream lasts almost 12-13 hours. The night dream should make 10-11 hours, and day - 2-3 hours for once. Accordingly, active the child is in this age throughout 11-12 hours.

The mode of feedings demands strict observance, especially for children with bad appetite and kids who suffer from excess weight.

Movement - a life basis

The kid indescribably rejoices, if has possibility actively to move throughout day. At the two-year-old child the differentiation of movements of feet proceeds. Gait all becomes more confident - already there is no necessity widely to place legs for bolshej stability, coordination of movements improves. But difficulties sometimes expect the kid during sharp turns of a trunk because the weight of a body still is non-uniformly distributed on different departments by a foot. Skills of balance allow to walk easily upwards and downwards on steps and even to manipulate a body, leaning on one leg. And now give to the child a ball: even if nobody showed, how football players play, legs "will guess", that it is necessary to do.

Look - your kid has inclinations of confidence of possession of the hands. The kid at desire duplicates all your actions: with the most serious kind "cleans a teeth", "sweeps", "cooks a dinner".

Thanks to lexicon expansion, the kid has an interest to imagination - to fairy tales and your stories. But, together with it, the feeling of fear is pointed.

Children's fears

The kid often wakes up at night, can talk in a dream, is afraid of darkness, loneliness. Therefore do not point children's fears threats or fairy tales with terrible cannibals, Woman Jagoj or ghosts. Be typed still a little bit patience and avoid superfluous emotional loading.

At this age sometimes there are difficulties at zasypanii. The kid refuses to sleep in the afternoon and to fall asleep at night. It is all - because of superfluous curiosity to surrounding and fear to lose you. Therefore lie down nearby and close eyes, have a rest, and the kid will calm down and will fall asleep. If at night the kid wakes up crying (it too has terrible dreams), take it to itself in a bed, will not fall asleep yet.

The two-year-old child is very sensitive to changes in your family. Try not to leave it for a long time. If plan a trip let it will be short, avoid moving.

And if you have decided to go for work and employ the nurse, make so that the kid did not consider as its "unfamiliar" person, - provide certain time for accustoming. The new person at first should be present only "on distance" that the kid did not have a sensation of danger. Only when you see, that the kid has got used and has accepted this person in a circle of acquaintances, having felt trust and liking, can gradually transfer "powers". Do not leave the kid with the nurse at once on all the day. Let it at first will be half an hour, later - hour and so gradually increase a time interval of the absence. The kid should get used, that you always come back. But all the same do not leave the kid for a long time, after all the most expensive person for your kid are you!

One more fear which often is present at this age, is a fear to "wet" bed. In the afternoon you already abused the kid that it "has wetted panties". And can and have punished?! (It to do it is not necessary). Therefore the child is afraid at night of "wet bed-sheets" and can cry every five minutes and show on a pot with the request it to set. And after the kid "will squeeze out" from itself some drops again asks for a bed. And so some times. Sometimes children wake up some times at night with the same fears. How to be? Do not accent the uncooperative altitude to periodic displays of an enuresis. If it occurs often - address to the doctor, which will advise to you how to arrive in this case.

Games among children

Children of this age still almost do not play together. But with what curiosity they observe of someone's game or are nearby from each other! Therefore it is possible at least few times in a week to result kids in collective of children. Gradually it will yield the result - a new step to a society. To be able to communicate and, glavnee everything, to share the toys, such introductory stage - accustoming to each other is necessary here.

We communicate little by little!

On the third year of a life our small linguist masters to hundred words in a month! Till three years he says one and a half thousand words. And as he speaks! Not stopping, sometimes as though greedily. As the benevolent, attentive listener - the adult is necessary to it at this time! More and more in speech of the kid appears questions, and, it is final "Why?" - basic of them. Answering it, we learn the kid to think. How we give answers, depends, the child becomes how much clever. Hence, if we do it, deeply penetrating into an essence of concept which has interested the child, - he will deeply think also; we answer superficially as though "having waved away", - the kid becomes such also.

At the same age it has questions: "And how to make?", "and what inside?", "And where it has gone?", "when it will return?". And it already attempt to connect the past with the present and future.

More persistently specify to the kid in consequences of its acts, as though preparing to a question: "That will be?". For example, "you Will fall - you will painfully hit". Since simple, we learn to its higher thinking - to a prediction.

Communication at the child with mum is still indissoluble, but the role of the father grows also.

Adults - the basic source of the information. To receive a maximum of new knowledge, the kid neosoznanno hastens to seize speech. Therefore, talking to the child, try to fill up its lexicon, using all beauty of language. You travel with the child in world around. Nouns acquaint it with new subjects and the phenomena (for example, we speak: "River"). Adjectives tell, what it is subjects, than differ, that is do the world colourful, various (we speak: "the Cheerful river"). Verbs specify that surrounding is mobile (speak we: "the Cheerful river runs"). Adverbs supplement: "the Cheerful river runs far".

Your speech with the child should be competent, figurative, bright. When children will grow, one becomes the mathematician, another - the artist, the doctor, but the exact figurative language will be necessary for all of them, because it and intelligence inseparably linked.

If the two-three-year child brings an attention to the question, necessarily answer it, interrupt the conversation with other adult, after all the kid can forget the question faster, than you - the. We only start to accustom the kid "not to interrupt".

Till three years the child should understand, that such one is, not enough, much, to distinguish the right and left parties, the nobility traffic light "language". These norms are high and can be reached only if children to learn.

Mechanisms of memory of the child

With development of understanding of speech, the kid starts to remember short poems, entertainments very quickly. Here are already involved both memory mechanisms, and attention mechanisms. It is possible to develop memory and attention of the child, at first reading to it short poems which are accompanied by actions and to ask to reproduce heard and seen later. It will promote that the child will be accustomed to an attention concentration on MAINtenance read, will be attentive to the speech maintenance.

Your kid quickly "seizes" heard, seen. Its memory has developed already so, that he can recollect events which have occurred earlier. About same how precisely enough the child can reproduce situations from a daily life testifies also, inheriting actions of close people - a phone conversation, doll feeding, etc.

How to capture all many-sided world?

To the beginning of the second year of a life the child has already found out, that things can be similar, and can differ very much one from another. The kid has started to open ability of each subject to have the certain signs. Gradually it accumulates more and more data on features of different subjects. The child already knows, that hlebchik or an apple it is possible to eat, though they are very unlike, and, for example, a book - are not present.

Having learnt to define difference and similarity between subjects and mentally to group them in signs, the child thereby was prepared for one more considerable achievement in the intellectual development, namely - to formation of concepts. Certainly, it would be impossible without the developed speech. And the child already precisely knows, that the dog is a four-footed animal who barks.

Leaning against the generated concepts, the child can already use in game the representation about a subject, its image, instead of a real thing. As result, - replacement with a spoon stick to feed a doll. And one more achievement is memory of a subject when it really is not present in sight. This achievement also is connected not only with storing, but also with thinking development. And now if the kid to distract from game for certain time, it can return then to play it further. It is a huge step forward: the child during certain time remembered game, planned it to continue, as has made without an extraneous reminder.

The kid at this age thinks "hands", that is is capable to think that directly sees, or, even better, concerns with hands. It learns the world by means of sense organs: sight, hearing, tactile sensations, and also sense of smell. But to concentrate for a long time your crumb it is yet capable. At the moment for the kid process, instead of result of is more important actually that it does. But that the child constantly distracts, gives the chance to it to see at once many surrounding subjects, to become interested in them, having begun immediately them to study.

At this age it is necessary to start to form sensation of time, to learn the child to understand such concepts as morning, evening, yesterday, today, at first, then, later.

To learn the world - to touch, feel all to the touch, to distinguish tastes, aromas, outlines. To thousand times a day to measure space of small apartment by own steps. Sometimes to be afraid and hide for a reliable fatherly back or a wide mum's skirt. Here than there lives the child of the third year of a life. We wish you to learn at this time as much as possible interesting - from colours of a rainbow before buzz of a bumblebee. We wish the confident gait, new knowledge and any fears!