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It, probably, one of the most known vitamins. Well tell, who did not hear, what such "ascorbic acid"? Even we know, that it helps to overcome an infection because strengthens mucous membranes from activator penetration. And in general vitamin C, or ascorbic acid in itself hides more many the interesting.

Histories with seafarers

It appears, people not always were helpless before gipovitaminozami. For example, Indians of the South America used the broth prepared from needles of a pine. It warned development of a scurvy of diseases which arose from a vitamin C lack. Having learnt about such means of treatment, participants of expedition who have gone in Newfoundland from Europe in 1735, have recovered from this disease.

And here one more example from history: in one swimming under the guidance of well-known English traveller James Cook which lasted with 1772 for 1775, two ships took part. On the first vessel Cook was which captain, there were big stocks of fresh vegetables, fruit, and also lemon and carrot juice. And during long swimming any of members of crew was not ill with a scurvy. On other vessel where the diet of the seaman does not join vegetables and fruit, from it the command quarter suffered.

In 1927-YO28 years vitamin C has been found in cabbage and orange juice and in red sweet pepper, for what to scientist V.V.Pashutinu the Nobel Prize is awarded in 1937. It has been proved, that vitamin C helps to keep healthy a teeth, bones, muscles, blood vessels, promotes growth and renewal of fabrics, healing of wounds.

In a diet daily!

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) carry to group of water-soluble vitamins. In a significant amount it contains in products vegetative, and in insignificant animal origins. Ascorbic acid should arrive in an organism with meal daily as it is not synthesised in it, and for vital processes is used continuously. The daily requirement of the adult healthy person for vitamin C makes 80-YO200 mg, for children, beginning from the period novorozhdennosti, 20-YO60 mg. At babies this norm depends on vitamin maintenances in chest milk which 52 mg/l approximately answer. At artificial feeding a source of ascorbic acid are the adapted dairy mixes which contain the given vitamin in quantity from 50 to 85 mg/l.

MAIN source of ascorbic acid are vegetables, fruit and berries. Most of all vitamin C the dried up hips, a black currant, oranges, lemons, kivi, a potato, cabbage, parsley, green onions, tomatoes contain. In a small amount it is in carrots, a beet, cucumbers, grapes, plums, pears, peaches, bananas.

Than vitamin C is useful?

Ascorbic acid normalises an exchange of fibers, fats, carbohydrates, stimulates synthesis of collagen and gialuronovoj acids of basic intercellular substances which promotes strengthening of vascular walls. Thanks to it normal permeability of walls of capillaries that warns krovotochivost is provided, promotes increase of curling of blood, promotes preservation of integrity of bones and cartilages, improves regeneration of fabrics. Ascorbic acid raises resistibility of an organism to adverse external influences and infections thanks to strengthening fagotsitarnoj activity of leukocytes and bactericidal properties of blood, and also improves antitoxic and belkovoyosintezirujushchuju liver functions. It stimulates formation of hormones of a bark nadpochechnyh glands, a hypophysis and a thyroid gland. Besides, ascorbic acid stimulates synthesis of haemoglobin by use improvement in this process of iron, fibers and folic acid, regulates an exchange of cholesterol and many amino acids.

gipovitaminoz With

gipovitaminoz With develops as a result of deficiency of receipt of this vitamin with foodstuff (primary ekzogennaja insufficiency), infringements vsasyvanija in intestines and the strengthened destruction in an organism (secondary endogennaja insufficiency). Often enough at children relative insufficiency of vitamin C which is caused by the lability of exchange processes raised by requirement of a children's organism in ascorbic acid develops. Development of relative vitamin insufficiency is promoted by different stressful conditions. To them belong having overheated, the raised physical activity, emotional overloads, and also intensive growth, especially in first two years of a life and is elderly 6-YO8 years, vegeto-endokrinnaja reorganisation and growth in pubertatnom the period.

The primary insufficiency connected with insufficient receipt of ascorbic acid with a foodstuff, can develop in the different age periods. At children of the first year of a life it is connected with the mixed and artificial feeding, untimely and insufficient introduction in a diet of fruit and vegetable juice, the mashed potatoes, the prevailing use of flour products and the boiled pasteurised milk. As to the last such thermal processing, and also long storage considerably reduce MAINtenance of ascorbic acid in milk and dairy products. Ekzogennaja insufficiency of ascorbic acid at senior children results from insufficient observance of rules of storage and culinary processing of foodstuff.

Though ascorbic acid is one of the most widespread vitamins in the nature, its maintenance in different fruit and vegetables essentially differs. It depends on features of soil, fertilizers, a water mode. Besides, MAINtenance of this vitamin as a result of storage, conservation or culinary processing of products can decrease considerably in connection with high sensitivity of ascorbic acid to oxygen of air, solubility in water. Vitamin C losses increase under the influence of a heat, light, in a preparation time of dishes in open ware.

Secondary insufficiency of ascorbic acid can result from sharp or chronic diseases of a digestive path (a gastritis, gastroduodenit, an enteritis, enterokolit, helminthic invazija, a dyskinesia of a gastroenteric path), sharp or chronic diseases of a liver (a hepatitis, a cirrhosis), a pancreas, kidneys, at occurrence of children's infectious diseases (a scarlet fever, a measles, a diphtheria, a whooping cough). Also secondary insufficiency of vitamin C develops at a pneumonia, system diseases (system red volchanka, sklerodermija), rheumatism, especially at formation of defects of heart. Relative insufficiency of ascorbic acid develops as a result of hyperfunction of a thyroid gland, shock or stressful conditions (a trauma, sharp infections).

The classical avitaminosis known under the name of illness of Meller-YoBarlova (scurvy), meets presently seldom. Latent forms of insufficiency of vitamin C, especially and are more often observed in the winter in the spring. S-yovitaminnaja insufficiency is shown by an indisposition, the general weakness, working capacity decrease, intestines dysfunction, a pain in ikronozhnyh muscles, dryness of a skin and krovotochivostju gums, dot hemorrhages standing.

Preventive maintenance of deficiency of ascorbic acid consists in organism maintenance with its sufficient quantity. It is reached at the expense of a rational diet. It includes the constant use of fresh or tinned fruit and vegetables, broths or dogrose infusions, and in case of need, additional introduction of preparations which contain ascorbic acid, especially in zimne-Yovesennjuju a time, during considerable emotional and physical activities. To women in a lactation about two months are necessary to accept ascorbic acid on 200-YO300 mg a day. At the artificial and mixed feeding in the end of winter and it is necessary for children of the first year of a life to appoint ascorbic acid on 30-YO60 mg a day during 1,5-YO2 months, sometimes in a complex with retinolom, riboflavinom, tiaminom in the spring.

It is a lot of too it is bad

gipervitaminoz With it is studied insufficiently, but it is known, that massive doses of vitamin C (it is more 2000-YO3000 mg a day) are toxic for an organism, cause sharp infringement fermentativnyh the processes, the expressed braking of bactericidal activity of whey of blood, decrease in MAINtenance of nonspecific factors of immune protection, promote development of an osteoporosis as a result of an exit of calcium from bones. Vitamin C in the big doses can negatively influence reproductive function and have mutagen action.