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This illness is known to mankind more than four centuries. The ancient name of a scarlet fever "Scarlet fever", that in transfer from Latin is meant by "a purple fever". Medieval doctors could not to find out, certainly, yet the reason of occurrence of this disease, but appearance of patients helped with accuracy and ease to establish the "purple" diagnosis.

There are suspicions, what your kid was ill? How to operate in such situation? Whether necessarily to call the doctor? We will try to find out …

What is a cause of illness?

The scarlet fever - the sharp infectious disease, which reason of development is an especial species of microorganisms which belong to streptococci, - so-called beta-gemolitichesky the streptococcus of group of A.Vozbuditel of the given illness is similar to what causes quinsy, only the version of a streptococcus of a scarlet fever differs ability to allocate especial toxin. It causes gemoliz, that is destroys eritrotsity (red blood cells). Besides, structural and trophic changes of fabrics of a mucous membrane are connected with a streptococcus rotoglotki. A scarlet fever in the past considered as extremely heavy disease, after all its current caused weight of complications. For today, thanks to possibility of use of antibiotics, the quantity of complications which arise at those who was ill with a scarlet fever, has decreased. However especially important task for doctors and parents is in due time to distinguish illness.

In overwhelming majority of cases the scarlet fever streptococcus is transferred air-drop by - with microbes which are in air. In the spring and in the autumn when air is sated by water steams, it is easier to microbes to move in space, disease of a scarlet fever always grows. Besides, in the autumn children come back in school, and in collective an infection, naturally, "collects" more "victims". Danger to "pick up" disease most of all threatens the healthy kid during contacts to that who is ill with this illness only the first week.

Why a scarlet fever basically children's disease?

Because we gradually, in the course of time, get natural protection against this illness, constantly contacting with streptococci, including what cause a scarlet fever. And here at children of such immunity still is not present, therefore the probability to be ill always is high. Though, it is necessary to tell, that on the first year of a life children, as well as adults, are reliably protected from a scarlet fever by antibodies which receive from mother. In due course activity of the last decreases.

Pay attention to that repeated infection with a scarlet fever which like should leave proof immunity, meets recently even more often. Obviously, it is the result of active therapy: the activator will be neutralised so quickly, that immunity has not time to be generated.

How it is possible to distinguish a scarlet fever independently?

If disease has a typical current it does not cause especial difficulties. As we already spoke, the word "scarlet" in transfer means "purple" therefore and it is clear, that dominating colour of this disease - red. Such shade gets a throat of the child where there is an activator reproduction - gemoliticheskogo a streptococcus; after same bright there is a skin, and on its red background there is melkotochechnaja a plentiful rash.

For a scarlet fever fast and almost simultaneous development of all its basic symptoms is characteristic. It, first of all, sharply expressed intoxication which is shown by the general weakness, fast rise in temperature, a headache, a nausea and even vomiting. The pain in a throat, especially during swallowing starts to disturb the kid. Under the bottom jaw and on a neck it is quite often possible to probe the increased lymph nodes. If to ask to open the child a mouth and to tell "aaaa", it is visible a bright red mucous membrane (in pediatrics this symptom name "a flaring pharynx"). The Same colour gets also language (so-called "crimson language"), and on palatal mindalinah sometimes there are purulent centres or a touch.

But the most expressive display of disease are vysypanija on a skin: set of small bright red points cover a body, since a head and quickly passing on finiteness. Especially these phenomena are expressed in axillary poles, pahovyh folds, elbow bends and in the bottom of a stomach. The rash can look like the small vials filled with transparent contents (them name "miliarnaja a rash"). At some patients the skin itch is observed. As a rule, vysypanija are kept from 2 till 5 days, and then turn pale, simultaneously during this period the body temperature decreases also.

It is necessary to recollect, that at a scarlet fever only one site of a body remains free from a rash. This small space from a nose to a chin (nosogubnyj a triangle) which sharply grows white against a bright red face skin. To this sign also often accurately distinguish illness. Feature of a current of a scarlet fever is and lamkost vessels, therefore it is very frequent at patients in places of natural folds of a skin appear melkotochechnye hemorrhages.

It is very important to remember, that the rash at a scarlet fever appears from first day of disease while, for example, at sick of measles it arises only for 3-5 day of illness. Besides, for a scarlet fever the so-called symptom "white dermografizma" is characteristic - if on the reddened skin to spend any stupid subject, there is a white strip which long does not disappear.

The rash and other symptoms of a scarlet fever are kept on the average 3-4 days. For easy forms of disease this term can be less, in heavy cases - it is more, and in general, illness lasts about ten days. Then the skin turns pale and starts to be shelled, that too it is a characteristic sign of a scarlet fever. Especially brightly it it is expressed on palms where the skin blanket can be removed as gloves.

Than the scarlet fever is dangerous to health of the kid?

Heat, pain in a throat, a rash - all it, certainly, not so pleasant phenomena. But the greatest danger consists actually not in illness, and in complications with which the scarlet fever can end. However, last years, thanks to effective and timely treatment, they meet infrequently. However the streptococcus and remains today to one of the most artful microbes because amazes heart and kidneys, causing allergic miokardit (a cardiac muscle inflammation) or glomerulonefrit.

Whether it is possible to treat the kid of the house?

It is necessary to call the doctor even if disease proceeds easily. When an illness current heavy, the kid direct to a hospital. For treatment appoint antibiotics, and, as a rule, they need to be accepted not less than seven days, even when the body temperature of the child already became normal.

Certainly, it is necessary to look after, watch the kid carefully that throughout 5-6 days it was in a bed. The meal of the patient should be enriched vitamins of groups In, With, R, and for the purpose of intoxication removal suggest it to drink more.

How to save the child from a scarlet fever?

The unique way of protection against this illness - isolation of the patient is not less than for 10 days. Specific preventive maintenance of a scarlet fever, that is a vaccine, does not exist for today. To visit child care centres - school, a children's garden - to the kid it is possible only after 23 days from the moment of disease revealing.