Pregnancy and childbirth, pregnancy calendar, birth of the child, development of the child, health of children.

Probably, each of us felt a heartburn, especially after a nourishing dinner. But it is peculiar not only to our style of a food. It is known, that in countries of Western Europe and the USA of people of 40-50 percent constantly, the truth, with different frequency, have the same complaints. And suffer and complain of these unpleasant sensations not only children, but also adults.

Last years in the world quantity of patients with heavy inflammatory processes of the bottom part of a gullet - a reflux-ezofagitami - have increased in 2-3 times. For this reason among gastroenterologov even there was a statement, that the XX-th century is a century of a stomach ulcer, and ХХІ - a reflux-ezofagitov.

The heartburn - from "burns down"

It is possible to tell, that this sign - the message of our organism on certain problems with digestion. A word "heartburn" in general name sensation of strong burning in a gullet which is localised behind a breast. In overwhelming majority of cases there is it from the raised acidity of gastric juice, but is sometimes peculiar to the lowered acidity or even to full absence in a stomach of hydrochloric acid. The reason of occurrence of a heartburn can be and insufficiency kardialnogo sfinktera (that is, a muscular ring which covers the bottom part of a gullet in a place of its transition in a stomach). If sfinkter functions normally its basic role to prevent receipt of a contained stomach in a gullet. When something "not so" any contents of a stomach, getting on a gullet mucous membrane, will cause sensation of a heartburn. There are still cases when the heartburn becomes one of neurosis signs.

What is the reflux-ezofagit

This term name spontaneous, regular zakidyvanie in a gullet of gastric or intestinal contents which leads to damage of the bottom department of a gullet and occurrence of such symptoms as a heartburn, a pain and digestion infringement. Under normal conditions level of acidity of environment rn is equal in the bottom third of gullet 6,0 (it can be defined by means of such method of inspection as pishchevodnaja rN-metrija). Value testifies To reflux presence rn <4,0 (an acid reflux) or rn> 7,0 (an alkaline, bilious reflux) As in one, and other case irritating action of contents which is showered in a gullet, causes inflammatory process of a mucous membrane of the bottom third of gullet - a reflux-ezofagit.

Disease "iceberg"

So, in a word scientists name prevalence of this disease. The matter is that it is difficult enough for tracking, because a certain part of people which suffer a reflux-ezofagitom, unfortunately, is in an "underwater" part of an iceberg. At the majority of patients symptoms happen poorly expressed and appear seldom enough. Such people do not address to doctors, and independently accept antatsidnye preparations or use advice of acquaintances (these are so-called "telephone" refluxes). These patients also make an underwater part of "iceberg". An average, surface part are patients a reflux-ezofagitom with the expressed or constant symptoms, but without complications it is necessary for them to spend regular treatment, so to say, out-patient refluxes. At last, iceberg top are people, at which complications (pepticheskie ulcers, bleedings, gullet narrowings) - hospital refluxes have developed.

For an example, among adult population of the USA frequency of a heartburn - the basic symptom - makes 20-40 %, but only 2 % of such patients receive treatment in this occasion.

The mechanism of occurrence of a reflux

As pressure in a stomach always is above, than in a chest cavity zakidyvanie a contained stomach in a gullet (reflux) should be in general the phenomenon to constants. But, thanks to mechanisms kardialnogo sfinktera, it arises seldom and only for short time (we will tell, twice a day duration 5 minutes there are less). Therefore in norm such short zakidyvanija a contained stomach are not considered as a pathology.

What occurs in case of disease approach? Insufficiency kardialnogo gullet department is often observed at newborn children. It is connected with immaturity nervnomyshechnogo the device, characteristic to this age. Babies often belch, that occurs by hit of gastric contents together with air outside because of physiological immaturity of a stomach and a gullet. The stomach of kids is similar to the uncorked bottle, and a "stopper" role in this case just and plays kardialnyj gullet department.

At children of advanced age insufficiency kardii arises because of barriers, both entering, and a stomach proceeding departments. The Reflux-ezofagit is frequent enough sign of a gastritis, gastroduodenita and a stomach ulcer. Constant increase of intragastric pressure, and also reduction of mobility of a gastroenteric path (spasms, a hypertone) becomes the reason of its occurrence in this case. By the way, infringement of a motility of digestive system can arise and in reply to any stressful factor, especially if your child painfully reacts to surrounding factors.

Adiposity at children's age, unfortunately, becomes more and more widespread phenomenon, but it already is allocated today as the factor which the reflux-ezofagitov can lead to occurrence.

In other situation the hernia results in occurrence of proof symptoms of this disease pishchevodnogo diaphragm apertures when the stomach which in norm there never should be gets to too wide aperture of last. Increase of intrabelly pressure from a long swelling of a tummy at the child or presence of a pathological liquid in a belly cavity also can entail zakidyvanie a contained stomach in a gullet.

Scientists have proved, that zaglatyvanie a saliva which has alkaline reaction, is the safety factor concerning occurrence the reflux-ezofagita. Therefore, if at the child reduction of salivation and the strengthened dryness in a mouth is observed, is also the factor which can promote occurrence of disease of a gullet.

There is also variety of a foodstuff which "will support" frequent zakidyvanija a contained stomach in a gullet. These are popular citrus among children, chocolate, tomatoes, fat dishes. As to adults they risk the use of coffee, alcohol, smoking. The matter is that all named products conduct to a relaxation bottom sfinktera a gullet and, certainly, to occurrence of frequent refluxes. Similar action some medicines, such as give nitrates, nitrites, eufillin, sedative preparations, soporific and prostaglandiny.