Pregnancy and childbirth, pregnancy calendar, birth of the child, development of the child, health of children.

During this age period children are very mobile, confidently go, run, love outdoor games, they are impressionable, emotional and inquisitive, the stock of knowledge and abilities at them is constantly enriched.

To fill the big expenses of energy and to provide requirements of the further growth and development, constant inflow of energy and all nutrients (fibers, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, mineral salts and microcells) which unique source is high-grade children adequate to age a food is extremely necessary for children.

Why questions of a food of preschool children are such important? Because, unfortunately, the majority of diseases today start to be formed at this age. These are chronic diseases of a gastroenteric path, such as chronic gastroduodenity, holetsistoholangity and even a stomach ulcer.

What products can be used, and of that it is better to be careful, if in your family the child of preschool age?

Unfortunately, during this period it is necessary to exclude from a diet of children such product as a liver. If earlier physicians necessarily advised to include it in a food of children which suffer an anaemia today it is necessary to refuse it: in a liver of animals chemical substances by which so grasses which use poultry or animals are sated collect many.

Bad appetite at the healthy child is often caused by psychological features of the kid and an educational system in a family. So, if mum constantly insists, that the child ate, and the favourite child goes obstinate, any food intake turns to struggle between mum and the child. There is a steady stereotype of relations at which a table and meal kind cause in the child protective reaction: refusal and obstinacy.

At the age from a year to one and a half child turns to the small researcher, which attentively studies things, which surround it before to "accept" something or not. The child plays with subjects, throws them on a floor, considers. All Here matters: and as they fall, and what sound thus publish, and many other things. It that we, adults, have already forgotten, and for the kid each of these small opening unusual and intriguing.

There will pass certain time while the child will pass from such eksperimentirovanija to more intelligent, from our adult point of view, to the reference with subjects, toys. For this purpose it, at least, should acquire certain movements, to learn to use things in the standard way. After all on a spoon, for example, there is no instruction for application of which the kid would take advantage. Therefore at first it will knock with it on a table, will swing, throw, and then already, by an example of parents, will try it is. But, all the same, at first the child cannot operate with a spoon, after all it is necessary to take, keep correctly, first of all, it in horizontal position not to spill, inform to a mouth … All these actions, such habitual for us, for the kid are extremely difficult. But for this purpose also there are the experiments, which purpose, - to observe, how subjects in new situations behave.

In development of the child psychologists and pediatrists allocate three stable periods: "infantile" - since a birth till one year, "the early childhood" - from a year to three, and "the preschool childhood" - from three years to seven. Each of these stages comes to the end with so-called crisis of development.

Crisis is a necessary and natural stage in a life of the child when changes in behaviour and development collect and there is a transition to qualitatively new stage. Each crisis is accompanied by occurrence of obstinacy, disobedience, whims which the kid extremely brightly shows. Thus, these crises also three: crisis of one year, crisis of three years and crisis of seven years. To bypass them it is not possible - through it there pass practically all children. But for one this transition occurs easier, for others it is accompanied by more serious, considerable behavioural displays. Parents are surprised, searching for the reasons of such sudden changes in behaviour of a daughter or the son. But these changes are natural, peculiar to all children at certain age, therefore them named "development crises".

The your kid becomes more adult, the more "surprises" appears in its behaviour. After the first cataclysms of that stage when to the child year was executed and it has shown aspiration to independence and independence, there has come rather quiet period. But minulo time, and rest has changed following crisis which in psychology has received the name of "crisis of three years".

During this period the most important task which is solved by the small person, is a necessity to ego-trip in the world, to prove the independence and independence. "I" - such words accompany each step of the child. And it not whim, and vital necessity.

Thus, crisis of three years is the period in a life of the kid when it at any cost should prove the right to independence of decisions, to own desires and requirements which do not depend on will of adults which surround it. And, if the child will not manage to convince of it, first of all, itself, in the future life to it it will be extremely difficult.

We live in the world of people and daily we communicate with associates. But everyone receives the very first lessons of human mutual relations in the childhood. Those skills of dialogue which at the child are pawned from first years of a life, in many respects define success of the subsequent relations with others already adult person.

The child grows up and gradually the circle of its dialogue extends. While mummies during walks discuss with neigbours recipes of pies and achievement of children, children actively learn the world of social mutual relations with coevals, their parents both other children and adults.

Whether you reflected sometime, what huge work is carried out by a brain of your kid during his lives first some years. For this time the child acquires the native language, and in the bilingual environment - even two. As shows experience, children who for the certain reasons have not received at this age of necessary development of speech, later with the big difficulties make up missed, they lag behind coevals not only in speech development, but also in thinking, display of emotions and feelings.

Development of speech of the child can be divided conditionally on two parts: understanding of language of adults and own active speech. The bolshy the vocabulary of passive language of the kid, that is what he understands, the will start them to say faster.

Last years the statement is conventional, that health of the population and occurrence of many "civilisation diseases" is appreciably defined by a condition of normal microflora of a human body. For this reason in the developed countries in the nineties the XX-th centuries of considerable distribution were received by a new direction of medicine and food biotechnology - industrial production and mass application of the foodstuff directed on correction of normal microflora of a digestive path. Therefore, here it will be a question of sour-milk products and their role in health preservation.

A food of children of early age (from 1 till 3 years) is a transitive stage from feeding of newborns with gradual approach to a food allowance of the adult person. This age period, compared with the first year of a life, is characterised by the subsequent development and improvement of all functions of a children's organism. There is an improvement of digestive system in which process all groups of salivary glands take part, layers of walls of a gullet, a stomach, intestines become stronger, activity of digestive enzymes raises, capacity of a stomach - from 250 ml at the child of annual age to 300-400 ml on the third year of a life gradually increases. Food digestion in a stomach and its transition in intestines on the average lasts 4 hours, and the subsequent splitting and its mastering per intestines - 24-48 hours. Frequency of a chair makes from one to three times a day.