Pregnancy and childbirth, pregnancy calendar, birth of the child, development of the child, health of children.

Whether you reflected sometime, what huge work is carried out by a brain of your kid during his lives first some years. For this time the child acquires the native language, and in the bilingual environment - even two. As shows experience, children who for the certain reasons have not received at this age of necessary development of speech, later with the big difficulties make up missed, they lag behind coevals not only in speech development, but also in thinking, display of emotions and feelings.

Development of speech of the child can be divided conditionally on two parts: understanding of language of adults and own active speech. The bolshy the vocabulary of passive language of the kid, that is what he understands, the will start them to say faster.

All begins with understanding of separate words. Whether you know, that at first your child perceives not MAINtenance of words, and only intonations.

The child understands, when to it adults, since second half first of a life address. Already in 9-10 months he understands many words and carries out certain actions at the desire of parents: submits a toy, throws a ball, shows certain subjects or familiar people. The more words the child understands, the its active dictionary will faster replenish. If the kid actively is elderly about one year the ten words by the end of the second year of a life it applies already almost three hundred words uses, and to three-year age their quantity reaches one and a half thousand. At this time the child practically can already speak and understand language almost at the same level, as adults.

Often till three years that the kid speaks, close people are capable to "decipher" only. It occurs because its speech has situational character. Quite often children can understand many words, but actively use only 10-15 of the most necessary, another the kid explains all by means of a mimicry, gestures. It occurs because parents create such conditions in which it enough to tell for the child "allow" and to specify in a desirable thing that it at once to receive. Hence, the kid does not have necessity to speak more. Such situation is logic when to the child of 9-10 months, but in two years it forces to reflect.

Speech guarantee of successful development

Speech development will intensively occur if to create for the kid necessary conditions which will promote it. The best reception - to pretend, that do not understand, that the child asks. Certainly, you well know, what desires your kid tries to show, but do not hasten to show the understanding. Ask again, what exactly is wanted by the child, execute not about what he asks. It will force it to make active own speech possibilities, feeling sharper, than mum. Such encouragement will allow the child to master faster situational language which has huge value in the course of dialogue of parents and children.

At the child natural interest to human language and desire to listen to others is put in pawn. That the understanding of speech developed effectively, it is necessary to create certain conditions which will promote this process. First of all, the child should hear constantly speech of adults, and it should be addressed the kid also. He should understand, that it not simply noise background or sounds which mean nothing. When you address to the child first accompany words own actions: "Now we will remove footwear. And now we will dress a baby's undershirt. Give we will drink water. You wish to take this toy? Now mum will bring it to you". And, it is important, that parents understood, that the kid receives a lot of information not from words, and and from mimicry and gestures which accompany these words, and also from intonation from which it is said.

The kid-pochemuchka

The child extremely quickly studies during the period from a year to three. The quantity of words which he understands, that is, the so-called, passive dictionary quickly grows. The kid understands much, but for the present does not speak independently. The very first words which the kid starts to understand, names of things which surround it, names of adults, names of toys, images of subjects, clothes and body and person parts are. Till two years the child knows almost all words which concern surrounding things which are spoken to it by the adult. Actively getting acquainted with world around, in two years your kid knows about appointment of things of house use and personal hygiene, correctly them uses. Opening for themselves new subjects, children, first of all, try to define their functions, therefore a question "What is it?", "As it is called?" For a long time will lodge now in your house. And parents should have enough patience that not only to name a subject, which has interested the child, but also, to tell for what it is necessary. On the third year of a life in a lexicon of the kid there will be a new question: "For what?", "Why?", which specifies already in high enough level of development not only its speech, but also thinking. After all he demands explanations of relationships of cause and effect of the phenomena. Our "adult" explanations are not always clear for the child, but bring to it pleasure.

Features of children's "dialogues"

Despite of all successes of the kid in speech development, it is not necessary to think, that he already understands absolutely all told by you. The children's thinking is developed to apprehend more not enough that you have told difficult phrases, abstract statements. Experience of the kid yet does not suffice correctly to apprehend your words that something can be dangerous, argue on difficult moral concepts like good and harm. Therefore it is not necessary to demand from the child of that understanding to what it for the present "has not grown", it is not necessary to be angry with own child who has no patience to listen, and furthermore to adhere to your long manuals or abstract reasonings. Everything is good in its season. for now your kid simply is not capable to understand, about what there is a speech.

How the child studies to understand the words intended to it, it becomes easier also dialogue with it. Now it joyfully starts to carry out requests of adults, receiving especial pleasure of that has understood that from it want, and a smog all correctly makes. And it is the first step to mastering of correct actions with subjects. Now things which surround the kid since a birth, except the name, receive also specific functions, what are habitual for adults, but are absolutely unfamiliar for the kid.

After the child already has a certain lexicon, in its language phrases from two-three words will start to appear. It is final, difficult to expect, that they will be grammatical correct. But now it is extremely important, that the kid heard examples of correct construction of phrases and a pronunciation of words. Do not abuse use of "children's" language. You can be glad in a shower to linguistic opening of the child, but try to speak correctly, after all the use of a children's manner of conversation will suspend formation of understanding of grammatical structure of language and a correct pronunciation of words. It how to begin studying of a foreign language without appropriate understanding of grammar and ability to say a word. It is necessary to be retrained later. Therefore it is not necessary to do "clumsy assistance" to the child. But do not pull the kid each time when he speaks incorrectly. It you can "beat off" desire to talk in general. If the kid was mistaken, you can, as if for yourselves, to repeat its phrase, but with correct application of words and grammatical structures. Remember that at this stage the major task for you - to encourage the child in dialogue with you. And errors which at the moment are, will by all means be corrected in due time.

The child and many-sided nature of speech

Children receive huge pleasure from new skill - dialogue with people. They enthusiastically repeat all new words which hear, with pleasure set questions, sometimes repeatedly successively same. The desire of the kid to communicate often exceeds its possibilities in this sphere. In other words, he aspires to tell more than for the present can: words not always suffice it to express own opinion, the kid has not time to formulate the necessary offer quickly. Therefore happens, that the child falters, does the big pauses. It will pass in due course, and it is not necessary to give to such moments of special attention, differently the child will start to hesitate, and then already precisely problems can remain for a long time.

At the age of 2-3 years the child gradually studies to understand language as the instructions, the instruction, but in due course you will notice, with what attention your kid to stories, irrespective of about what there will be a speech will listen. Your child with identical interest will listen not only skazochki which you read it or tell, not only animated cartoons on the TV, but also your telephone conversations with girlfriends or telecasts all successively. The child absorbs in itself new words, using them sometimes "in a theme", but not always. The child will Sometimes "please" you with the words brought from street or heard during conversations which intended at all for his ears. At the given stage your kid perceives and remembers absolutely all words even if does not understand their maintenance. To it brings especial pleasure repetition of sounds new to, word-combinations, words. Sometimes on the second year of a life the kid can already accompany own games by conversations with itself, not intended to anybody, except itself. In due course these conversations will mentally occur.

That parents can make that ability to communicate with the help of words at your kid developed in end, some words and brought pleasure both to you, and it.

Good advice

1. Talk to the kid as much as possible. Your speech should be grammatical correct, say all words how it is necessary, because the use of "children's" language will do much harm to formation of "normal" language of the child.
2. Be attentive to that the kid tries to tell to you. Listen to him and give answers to all questions. It is pledge of successful subsequent development not only ability to talk, but also to think, and also aspirations to learn the world.
3. If the child is mistaken, when speaks, concern it indulgently. Errors is a necessary stage of development of speech, and your critical remarks can affect so, that the kid, being afraid to be mistaken, will develop more slowly.
4. Develop ability of the kid to listen and be attentive. Play with it in games which promote ability development to listen and hear: learn it to listen to surrounding sounds and to distinguish them: "Here you hear, the car goes, and it rustles a vacuum cleaner, and what is it? Yes, correctly, these are a watch". Let the kid studies independently to distinguish sounds, to guess, that as sounds, and that does not sound.
5. Often children are able to receive perfectly all wished absolutely without the aid of words. To them happens to specify enough a finger in a desirable subject and to utter magic words: "Give", as their desire is carried out at once. But such state of affairs does not satisfy requirement of the kid for speech development as means of dialogue with other people. You will understand it only and close people. Therefore accustom the child to that it expressed the desires as more as possible full, spoke new words, offers, phrases.
6. Learn the child to small poems, skazochkam, after all, remembering them and repeating, it studies words new to, trains memory and attention.
7. Learn the kid to build coherent stories that surrounds it, to describe drawings in books. It will generate such ability as contextual language, that is ability to imagine event which should take place, manage to find the form for the story about them and the statement. For this purpose, considering a book, set to the kid questions: who is (doggie), what doggie (white, fluffy, ridiculous), that it does (gnaws a stone), etc. And then, summing up, make the short story on drawing: she is the small fluffy doggie, it has a stone and it gnaws it. After a while your child will be capable to think up itself similar history, describing drawing, own toys, events which occurred to it throughout day.
8. Constantly enter new words which represent subjects of world around, the phenomena and events. Necessarily explain value of new words which meet in speech, in stories or poems which you read. And still can play in "otgadajku": let the kid himself will try to understand, that means a new word. It will be possible on the third year of a life of the child.
9. Mastering language, the child starts to use it not only for dialogue with other people but also to plan own activity. At it so-called language "for itself" is gradually formed. Once you will notice, that the child accompanies own games by not clear mutter, words which are not turned to anybody personally. In due course it it will be not simple to make comments, that does, but also will verbally plan the future actions. You will help the kid if learn it to tell that it plans to do at first to you. Ask each time: "That you wish to do? Where you will put this toy? Who will be taken for a ride in a car at first: a doll or a bear?" Such stories will help the child to learn faster to plan own actions, will promote development of thinking and internal language.

If you give to development of speech of the child enough time, forces and attention in due course your kid will necessarily please you with a fine pronunciation, ability it is beautiful to talk, correctly to build the offer, it will have a love to a word - written or told. Pleasant to you of dialogue.