Pregnancy and childbirth, pregnancy calendar, birth of the child, development of the child, health of children.

We live in the world of people and daily we communicate with associates. But everyone receives the very first lessons of human mutual relations in the childhood. Those skills of dialogue which at the child are pawned from first years of a life, in many respects define success of the subsequent relations with others already adult person.

The child grows up and gradually the circle of its dialogue extends. While mummies during walks discuss with neigbours recipes of pies and achievement of children, children actively learn the world of social mutual relations with coevals, their parents both other children and adults.

You, probably, have noticed, that your kid already possesses certain character traits. Psychologists investigated, what even at early age the child has features which remain invariable in many years. And among kids it is possible to observe active "Researchers" who are interested in everything, that them surrounds, "Leaders" - extremely companionable and initiators in all games, and "Observers" - passive "serednjachkov" which among others are not allocated with anything. Owns what lines your child, defines a way of its knowledge of the world, including the world of human relations.

Therefore, falling outside the limits the parental house, your child gradually learns rules and norms of a life in a society of people. Here again you as to parents posess an especial, very responsible role. Because you are the first example for the child, the first adviser for dialogue.

Since a birth the aspiration to communicate with similar is inherent in the person. In the world of social relations the person also is formed.

Fights on a children's playground

You already had to observe of behaviour of children of the second year of a life on a children's playground? They very attentively consider the coevals, try to concern each other, but to play together are not able yet. At the best, kids settle down nearby, everyone with the toy, not stirring another. And you then can simply tell to the child, that other children too are played, their games are interesting, and it is impossible to "correct" game of "colleague", and is better something to help (to allow to play the bucket, to transport on the machine a sand, etc.).

Formation of interest to games of other children will promote ability development to co-operate in more difficult games. By the way, 2-3 years of a life are frequent among children there are conflicts because of toys. Here Vanja and Misha "have fought" for the bright big car, and, Mishe that is Vanin the car is absolutely indifferent, he has seen it, and it was involved with this subject. Parents are surprised, why there are such situations among children. It seems, at it (or at it) all is, the full house of toys. Yes, it is the truth but if your kid does not have big brothers and sisters, probably, he has not learnt to share yet the toys, has not realised, what not all things belong only to it. Earlier when he played houses own toys, nobody applied for taking hold of this "good", and anybody another did not concern it. Therefore the child entirely logically considers, that when he wants this machine it immediately should receive it. The kid can even sometimes knock the loser-owner to take hold of a toy. First time it leaves, apparently, casually. Here again important in due time to interfere to the adult. One of participants of dispute needs to explain, that it is another's toy and it is impossible to select it, especially it is not allowed to fight. But it is possible to ask a toy, and still - to suggest to play the bucket and formochkami instead of the car. To its opponent, at the same time, it is desirable to tell, that the boy would like to lose this toy, to ask to share with it these bright "riches" on wheels. If the conflict does not abate, children better simply to part. So at the child comprehension "my-another's" for the first time starts to be formed and the first skills of cooperation are pawned.

In the world of emotions and feelings

The child starts to realise the possibilities and own personal qualities approximately since a year and a half. Two-year-old children are able to subordinate already behaviour of other people to the requirements, realise own ability of influence on associates. On the second year of a life the kid starts to use words to "me", "you", realising difference among themselves and associates.

With the advent of consciousness ability of the child gradually develops in empathy - understanding of an emotional condition of other person. After one-and-a-half-year-old age your child will aspire to console the sad person, to embrace, kiss, give a toy or something vkusnenkoe. In general, it is good to understand a psychological condition of other person two-year-old children are already capable.

During the period from ones and a half till two years children start to acquire norms of behaviour, for example necessity to be accurate, obedient, to constrain the aggression.

The considerable role in an establishment of relations with other people is played by dialogue. Children start to communicate among themselves still before they will learn to speak. Using gestures, a mimicry, pantomimikoj, they express each other the emotional condition, ask about the help. Two-year-old children are able to talk directly with each other, to adults, describe the familiar phenomena short phrases. Two, three-year children well feel in a society of familiar children, depend on parents less.

The child of three-year age well enough owns various means of dialogue which allow it to develop psychologically further, establishing with surrounding people good business and personal mutual relations (business relations at this age are games).

Supervision have established, that popular children in the environment have variety of special skills which allow them to adjust effective relations with other children. Such young persons are sensitive to desires of others, do not impose the will to associates, agree to play together with other children, are able to establish friendly relations, if necessary, come to the aid, can resolve conflicts, in conflict situations are not inclined to aggression or force use, are capable to support dialogue.

Observe, how your child behaves: courageous it or shy, aggressive or peaceful, greedy or sincere, the leader or the subordinate. If your kid is timid, closed, disturbing, passive, and in an adult life on one only to a wave of a magic wand it popular does not become.

Responsible role of parents

It is necessary for parents to help for the child to adjust relations with coevals. Therefore do not fuss much near the fumes in the first years of a life, provide to it possibility to communicate with surrounding children. A mode of day plan so that time of walks coincided in due course stay in the street other kids. Can even agree with neighbours in advance.

Give to the child possibility for independence development: allow to play, talk, put on, for example, how it is wanted by him. It is desirable, that yours it "is possible" coincided with it "is possible" other parents. But do not suppose, that the child "pressed" you.

If your child "has fought" with companions on game, help it to understand, that it is possible to disagree with associates, but thus to remain friends.

Be affable and hospitable to other children. Your task - to help the child to undertake the first step, to give chance to join to the company of coevals.

Learn a daughter or the son to show anxiety on those who requires it, to help the person who feels a pain or a grief. If you wish to bring up at the child ability to empathize should show such qualities concerning others, tell to the kid about own feelings and experiences in this occasion.

Learn "descendant" to adhere to socially accepted norms of behaviour of the house and in the street, in details explaining their maintenance. Such education is necessary throughout all period of the early childhood. It is the especial critical period when children start to realise for the first time themselves as the separate person, study to distinguish and another's feelings, to show anxiety on others. The child who is able and aspires to worry about others in two and a half a year, will show these qualities and when to it it will be executed seven or fourteen.

One more important thing which the kid till three years already owns, is a comprehension of the sex. This period is especially important for understanding of existing forms of behaviour and social roles. To three-year age kids acquire, that "girls need to behave differently, than to boys". Comprehension of this fact occurs gradually, but considerably influences all subsequent life of the child. Gradually even in partners for games the child will select coevals of one floor with it. Till three years each child already knows, who he is a boy or the girl. It helps it to understand, what forms of behaviour, according to its floor, associates expect from it.

So gradually, ability of your kid to live in the world of people is step by step formed, to build relations, to co-operate, solve conflicts. And your task - to remain a number, to support and direct the small person on a way to its growing.