Pregnancy and childbirth, pregnancy calendar, birth of the child, development of the child, health of children.

Ideal food for your kid

Chest milk - ideal meal for the newborn: natural, sterile, warm. Advantages:

• It is easily acquired and is high-grade it is used by an organism of the child.
• Protects the kid from various infections, allergic reactions and diseases, promotes formation of own system of immunity.
• Provides growth and development of the kid thanks to presence in female milk of a complex of biologically active substances (hormones, enzymes, immune and growth factors).
• Provides to you emotional contact to the kid, a basis of correct psychological behaviour of the child in a family and collective, its social development. Promotes intellectual and informative development.
• Helps to prevent not planned pregnancy after sorts.
• Protects your health, promotes normal passage of the postnatal period, carries out occurrence preventive maintenance mastopatii, tumours of a mammary gland, a uterus and jaichnikov.
• Much more cheaply, than artificial mixes.

How the mammary gland is constructed? How milk is developed and allocated?

The mammary gland consists of ferruterous, basic and fatty fabrics. The size of a breast does not influence process and quality of feeding. Women, both with small, and with the big breast can perfectly feed the kid with milk. In glands milk which through channels moves ahead to a nipple is made. Not reaching a nipple, channels extend and form dairy sine in which milk temporarily gathers. Dairy sine are located under so-called areoloj - dark circle round a nipple. Look narrowly well - on a surface areoly small vials are appreciable. These are glands which make a liquid which softens and disinfects a skin of a nipple and areoly. On a nipple site, and especially areoly, there are many very sensitive nervous terminations which irritation during time sosanija "starts" and supports laktatsionnye reflexes molokoobrazovanija (prolaktinovyj), and milk allocation (or oksitotsinovyj). Thus, the lactation (allocation of milk by a mammary gland) consists of two phases: production and milk deducing.

Whether it is necessary for you to prepare for feeding by a breast?

Yes, but it absolutely simply also is not present necessity for any superfluous efforts from the pregnant woman. First, it is necessary to be deeply assured of necessity of natural feeding for the future child, to have desire necessarily to nurse it, and also to get support from native, the husband and the medical personnel. Certainly, to start to prepare for it it is necessary since supervision time in female consultation and careful inspection during pregnancy. Pay attention to the regular control of weight of a body, gymnastic exercises for pectoral muscles, carrying of a bra from a simple dense fabric, sufficient on volume not to squeeze a mammary gland.

Processing of nipples by spirit is inadmissible.

At survey of mammary glands the flat form of nipples can be established. Do not worry, it is not an obstacle for high-grade feeding by a breast. The matter is that the child during time sosanija grasps also a part of a breast round a nipple, not only a nipple, it is necessary to put the child to a breast only correctly.

If you have hems after the transferred operations or burns on a mammary gland, there can be a necessity for consultation of the expert - mammologa. At the same time, it is necessary to remember possibility of successful feeding by a breast only one mammary gland.

Already during pregnancy the future mum needs to know, how milk is developed and allocated, to learn the correct appendix of the child to a breast, methods of decantation of chest milk.

About a colostrum and chest milk

The structure of female milk is changeable. Within first two-three days after sorts from a breast of the woman the colostrum, then transitive milk, and in two weeks - mature milk is allocated. Quantity of a colostrum small, on the average 30 ml a day, but its power value such high, that completely satisfies food requirements of the newborn. But a colostrum not only extremely useful foodstuff for the baby. At the expense of the high maintenance in it of various biologically active and protective factors, it provides the reliable adaptation of the newborn child to conditions new vneutrobnogo existence and protection against variety of infections. The structure of chest milk can change and throughout days, and even during the same feeding of the baby: the first portions of milk "forward, or early" contain more fibers and mineral substances, last portions "back, or late" - there are more than fats. Both portions are of great importance for feeding of the child. But MAIN thing - mum's milk individually corresponds to requirements of each child.

Be confident - you can feed!

Very essential condition of successful feeding by a breast is your positive emotional condition, the big desire to nurse. And on the contrary, if you worry, are confused, neuverenny, do not understand, why feeding by a breast is important, or feel a pain even at sufficient production of milk it can not be allocated with chest gland. It occurs because under the above-stated conditions the reflex of deducing of milk (oksitotsinovyj) is braked. In turn, absence of demand for milk brakes it produtsirovanie, and the quantity of milk at the woman decreases. Therefore try not to pay attention to disorders, concentrate that only you can give the necessary food to the child, think about something pleasant, convince yourself of possibility all to overcome. And for the best operation oksitotsinovogo a reflex it is necessary to calm down, take a warm shower, to drink a warm drink (milk, juice, not strong tea) to make massage of a neck, a back.

On what the long and steady lactation, success of feeding by a breast as a whole depends?

Practically each woman is capable to nurse the child long time. But for this purpose it is necessary to satisfy certain conditions.

MAIN things from them are:

• Early, that is first 30-60 minutes after sorts the appendix of the newborn to a breast of mother.
• Frequent, active sosanie which is defined not by any schedule but only the individual requirement of the child and degree of its satiety.
• The correct technics of feeding which provides effective sosanie (good oporozhnenie a mammary gland, reception of milk by the child).
• Positive emotional condition of the woman which nurses.

What is the early appendix to a breast?

The first appendix of the kid to a breast needs to be spent in a maternity hall first 30 minutes after a birth of the child. At first the child golenkim keeps within on a stomach of mother. After a preprocessing of an umbilical cord, the child return to mother and put on the top part of a stomach. The newborn who lays on a tummy, covered with a sterile diaper, mother should support a hand. If in a maternity hall it is cool, the child together with mother cover with a bed-sheet and a blanket. In 20-60 minutes after sorts the nipple and areolu a parent breast unaided is capable to find and grasp the majority of newborns. It is possible to help the child, stimulating search movements of lips and a head lungs poglazhivanijami skin near a mouth.

The early appendix of the kid to a breast promotes:

At mother

• To fast formation of mechanisms of production and milk deducing.
• To fast reduction of the sizes of a uterus at the expense of stimulation of allocation of a hormone oksitotsina.
• To the termination matochnogo bleedings.
• To reduction of expressiveness of postnatal stress.
• To establishment of psychological communication "mum-child".

At the child

• To fastening search and sosatelnogo reflexes.
• To settling of integuments, mucous membrane of a mouth, digestive path bacteria of mother against which in chest milk there are developed antibodies.
• To reception with the first drink of a colostrum not only high-grade meal, but also a concentrate of protective factors against intestinal and other infectious diseases.
• To establishment of psychological communication "child-mum".

And if the early appendix for any reasons has not taken place also the first feeding was postponed for some time?

The lactation in this case also can be successful and long. It is necessary to replace sosanie the child with early regular decantation of a colostrum from mammary glands each 3-3,5 hours. Even if after sorts mammary glands are empty, it is necessary to massage a nipple and areolu, and then cautiously to decant colostrum drops, repeating this procedure regularly. The quantity of milk will necessarily increase and will be sufficient for feeding of the child.

Is better, when you with the kid together

Frequent, active sosanie under its requirement, it is possible to carry out the child only when it right after sorts is near to you in one chamber. It is a question of a mode of the general stay of mother and the child. At such mode you will have possibility to feed the child exclusively chest colostrum and milk, not using dolaktatsionnye feedings, dokarmlivanija mixes or dopaivanija water or glucose. It is extremely important and for health of the child, and for formation of a lactation at mother. Frequency of the appendix of the child to a breast in such cases can reach 10-12 times a day. To the extent of increase in quantity of milk, frequency of feedings will decrease to 7-9. Especially important in lactation support the night appendix to a breast.

At the correct technics of feeding duration of feeding should not be limited. After active sosanija breasts and oporozhnenija it need to be offered the child other breast. Following feeding needs to be begun already with this breast. But keep in mind, that use of two mammary glands on one feeding can lead to that the child will not receive "back" most energetically some valuable milk. Therefore in any case it is impossible to change quickly a breast during feeding. As a rule, for 6-14 days at such mode of feeding there is an establishment of a sufficient lactation, duration sosanija the child averages 20-30 minutes, and necessity to feed from two breasts disappears.

And if you all the same have separated from the child in delivery room? Each mother should have possibility to nurse and demand that the newborn child did not feed up and not dopaivali from a bottle! Today well-known, that feeding of the child under the rigid schedule, with a night break, application of a bottle with a dummy at dokarmlivanii mixes in lactation formation, that is in the first days after sorts, leads to reduction of production of milk and early loss of a lactation in general.

The mode of the general stay of mother and the child is extremely important because stagnation of milk, corking dairy a channel and an inflammation of chest glands (mastitis) promotes considerable reduction of possibility of development of infections at the child and mother, and also to the prevention of such complications, as ogrubenie mammary glands.

Some women wish to have a rest after sorts and even, being in branch of the general stay, demand, that the child have taken away from them in children's chamber. But, expensive mums, you so long, expected the whole 9 months your kid, it was a part you all this time and after a birth also requires the subsequent close connection with you! Only you can present to the child love and tenderness, heat and a cosiness, unique best food - chest milk, and to protect from infections. Therefore be typed, please, forces and patience. All will return to you health and happiness of your child.

And one more. For some days of stay together with the child in branch you learn skills of care of it and after an extract home it will be much easier to you to overcome the difficulties connected with parent duties.

The general stay of mother with the child does not mean at all, that the woman remains in private with newborn, not receiving the help and advice of physicians. Only at well prepared, attentive medical personnel all advantages of a mode of the general stay of mother and the child are realised.

How correctly to nurse?

One of determinatives of success of a lactation is as well maintenance of corresponding position of the child near a breast and the correct technics of chest feeding. Consequences of wrong feeding by a breast can be:

• Formation of cracks of nipples, pain during feeding, occurrence of fear concerning occurrence of sensations of a pain, braking of a reflex of deducing of milk;
• Inefficient sosanie the child, and, hence, it nenasyshchenie, decrease in weight of a body;
• Stagnation of milk and reduction of its production, as consequence of insufficient oporozhnenija breasts;
• Development insufficient produtsirovanija milk, so-called "gipogalaktii";
• zasasyvanie air significant amount (aerofagija) which fills a stomach and stretches it to a pain, conducts to srygivaniju milk;
• Cracks of a nipple and stagnation of milk, that leads further to a mastitis.

That feeding was pleasant and easy, it is necessary to occupy convenient position (laying or sitting with a support for a back), you should be weakened and it is good to see the person of the child. The child also should have possibility to study your person, especially eyes. Is better to feed the child bared that it as much as possible contacted to your body. Remember, at hard pelenanii, the correct appendix to a breast is impossible. The child should move freely to time sosanija, show the emotions, reactions. Free pelenanie without restriction of movements promotes correct development of kostno-muscular system, joints, forms requirement of the child for chest milk for energy renewal.

In what position you would not feed (sitting or laying) it is necessary to adhere to such key rules:

• The head and trunk of the kid should be on one line;
• The person of the child should be turned to your breast, the nouse to be opposite to a nipple;
• The little body of the kid needs to be pressed to your body (a stomach to a stomach);
• Hold with one hand all little body of the child from below (if it the newborn).

Signs of the correct appendix of the child to a breast:

• Chin the child concerns your breast;
• The mouth of the kid is widely opened;
• The lower lip is turned out;
• Cheeks are approximated;
• The most part areoly it is not visible (in basic its bottom part);
• You do not feel a pain even at long sosanii;
• It is audible as the child swallows of milk.

Signs of wrong feeding of the child:

• The body of the kid is not completely turned to you;
• The chin does not concern a breast;
• The mouth is opened rather narrowly, the lower lip is involved, cheeks even sink down;
• The most part of the bottom site areoly remains not grasped by a mouth of the kid;
• sosatelnye movements fast or short, sometimes appears "prichmokivanie"
• Sensation of a pain in a nipple site.

Feed? Adhere to hygiene!

Feeding by a breast demands from you performance of certain hygienic actions. It is necessary to support cleanliness of a body, daily to take a shower, change linen. It is especially important to wash carefully hands with soap before each feeding. At the same time, frequent (as well as after feeding) breast washing, especially with soap, is not necessary, because leads to removal with areoly natural softening greasing, and also occurs peresushivanie skin areoly both nipples and formation of cracks.

In what cases decantation of chest milk is necessary?

There is variety of situations when it is necessary to decant chest milk for:

• Lactation supports, in case of presence of time contra-indications for chest feeding from mother or the child;
• Feeding of the child which was born nedonoshennym or weak, with small weight of a body;
• Realisation of correct technics of feeding at the overflowed mammary gland;
• Simplification of a condition at ogrubenii breasts, stagnation in it of milk;
• Feeding of the child with the condition complicated after sorts;
• Maintenance of the kid with chest milk if mother has no possibility during time to feed (works or studies);
• Greasing by a colostrum or milk of nipples and areoly for the purpose of the prevention of formation of cracks or their treatment;
• For lactation stimulation at insufficient quantity of milk.

At the same time, it is not necessary at frequent feeding of the child, soft mammary glands, milk enough to decant it after each feeding. In case of absence of the above-stated cases, decantation of milk not only is not useful, but also can be harmful (travmirovanie mammary gland fabrics, unreasonable stimulation produtsirovanija milk).

Before to begin decantation of mammary glands, it is necessary to stimulate a reflex of deducing of milk (oksitotsinovyj). Because its activity at decantation much more low, than during time sosanija the child.

There are different ways of stimulation of deducing of milk:

• If there is a possibility - carry out contact to your child: a skin to a skin, eyes in eyes.
• Drink a warm drink (milk, not strong tea, fruit juice and so forth).
• Warm a mammary gland (a warm shower or a compress).
• Make soft massage of a mammary gland and nipples.
• It is good, that someone has made to you back massage (on either side of a backbone from above to a bottom).

Decantation of chest milk

For this purpose it is necessary:

1. Carefully to wash up hands, to prepare pure, sterile ware.
2. To arrange the big and index fingers from both parties okolososkovogo a circle and to press inside in a direction to a chest wall.
3. Big and index fingers to press a site behind a nipple and areoloj.
4. To press from different directions, to empty all segments of a mammary gland.

Decantation of chest milk can be carried out also with the help molokootsasyvatelej which happen different models (with a rubber pear, piston, electric). Duration of decantation of chest milk depends on indications for performance of this procedure.

You with the kid of the house

All alarms connected with pregnancy and sorts, behind. Now MAIN thing for you - to grow up the child the healthy. Remember that long feeding by parent milk - one of the most important conditions who provides development and health of the kid not only within the first year, but also during the subsequent periods of a life.

To provide long and successful chest feeding, from first days after returning home from maternity home, it is necessary to adhere to following rules:

• Feed the child "on demand", instead of "on a mode". That is give the chance to it is so often and so much as he will wish. If in maternity home you fed "on a mode", safely pass to feeding "on requirement of the kid". In the first weeks of a life it can be 8-10 and even 12 times a day. Such frequent feeding of the newborn physiologic also promotes good stimulation of your lactation. Gradually, usually on 3-4 week of a life of the baby, frequency of feedings decreases and will make 6-7 times a day.
• Do not avoid night feeding. If the kid has woken up at night and cries, do not give it water or a baby's dummy, and feed with a breast. Remember that the hormone prolaktin which is responsible for a lactation at night is intensively made.
• Chest feeding should occur in quiet atmosphere. The good mood, pleasant music, a cosiness - promote intensive produtsirovaniju milk and to its easy allocation from a mammary gland.
• Duration of each feeding, as a rule, makes 15-20 minutes. The majority of children for this time exhaust the necessary quantity of milk and fall asleep. If it does not cause in you unpleasant or painful sensations it is desirable not to tear off the kid from a breast and to give the chance to satisfy completely the sosatelnyj a reflex.
• The healthy child who receives enough of chest milk, does not require the additional use of water, broths or tea, even in hot days as female milk contains not only nutrients, but also the water necessary for the child.

Optimum it is considered exclusively chest feeding of the child within the first 4-5 months (it receives only chest milk and any alien meal, even waters) as at sufficient volume of a lactation, a balanced diet of the woman, parent milk completely provides physiological requirements of the child of first five months of a life.

In the attention centre - your food

That the lactation was high-grade, you should eat correctly.

The period of feeding by a breast does not require observance of special diets. Nevertheless, it is necessary to remember, that on produtsirovanie milk your organism uses the internal resources. Therefore a food should be high-calorie enough and balanced on structure of all food substances: fibers, irreplaceable amino acids, fats, irreplaceable fat acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, mineral salts and microcells.

Daily set of products in feeding by a breast

• Meat and meat products of 120 Fish - 100
• Cheese low-fat - 100 of Egg - 1 piece Milk - 300-400
• Kefir and other sour-milk products - 200 Sour cream - 30
• Oil creamy - 15 Oil sunflower - 30 Sugar, honey, jam - 60
• Rye bread - 100 White bread - 120
• Flour products - 120
• Groats and pasta - 60 the Potato - 200
• Vegetables (cabbage, a beet, carrots, vegetable marrows) - 500
• Fruit, berries - 300 Juice fruit, berry - 200 Nuts - 3-4 pieces

It is necessary to pay attention to a drinking mode also: it should be volume enough, but not superfluous. As a rule, the woman who feeds, feels comfort at the daily use about 2 l of a liquid (taking into account all kinds of drink: tea, compote, fruit juice, milk, vegetable broths, infusions, etc.).

It is natural, that is inadmissible in feeding by a breast to take alcoholic drinks, coffee or strong tea. It is necessary to avoid very fat, sharp and smoked meal.

At any time year the daily diet should contain many vegetables, fruit, greens, berries (fresh or svezhezamorozhennyh), juice or the vitaminized drinks of industrial production for women who feed.

If milk does not suffice

Practically each healthy woman can satisfy completely requirement of the child for milk. And nevertheless there are situations when parent milk does not suffice the kid.

In that case the child becomes uneasy, often cries, does not maintain intervals between feedings or on the contrary - feels languid, apathetic. The kid badly types in weight, is less often wetted (less than 7 times a day), and urine has intensive yellow colour, a chair of dense character - 1 time a day or even 1 time in 2-3 days.

Situations when mother does not have not enough milk, can arise during any period of a lactation. It happens in the first days after sorts when milk is developed not quickly enough, and sometimes - and in later terms of a lactation (so-called "laktatsionnyj crisis" and "hungry crisis").

Laktatsionnyj crisis

At many women, who feed (practically at 2/3), in 1-1,5 months after sorts short-term reduction of volume of a lactation which is accompanied by absence of sensation of inflow of milk (laktatsionnyj crisis) is observed. At some women such crises happen some times. If laktatsionnyj crisis in due time not to distinguish and not to put efforts for lactation increase fast fading of a lactation and early transfer of the child into artificial feeding will be result, as a rule. At the same time, our supervision show, that laktatsionnyj crisis the phenomenon entirely reversible, and at correct tactics the milk volume quickly renews.

Hungry crisis

Sometimes arises on 3, 7 and 12 week of a lactation. Occurrence of such crisis is connected with features of process of growth of the child. When intensity of growth increases, the requirement for parent milk grows and consequently is not provided with actual volume of a lactation.

Hungry crisis - the phenomenon also reversible. In case of observance of correct tactics, mammary glands of mother answer growing requirement for milk with increase in its production, hence, in some days dynamic balance between requirement for milk and its production again is established.

Do not hasten to finish feeding the child a dairy mix!

You should use the best efforts to increase lactation volume. For this purpose it is necessary:

• To have a rest it is not less 48 hours (forget about cleaning, washing, meal preparation). To give it is more than attention to the food and drink mode.
• It is desirable, that the husband and other relatives for some days have incurred a homework maximum.
• Temporarily to increase quantity of feedings till 10-12 time a day.
• To put the child to both breasts during each feeding.
• In addition to decant milk after feeding.
• It is obligatory to feed the child at night for intensive production of a hormone prolaktina which is responsible produtsirovanie milk.
• Not to give to the child any artificial dummies (including "baby's dummy"). If the kid needs to be finished feeding, use a cup, a spoon, a pipette, instead of a bottle with a dummy. Children quickly study to drink milk from a cup or a spoon and do not refuse a breast.

This advice is easy enough in performance and yields very good result, - as a rule, in some days the volume of produced milk considerably increases, that allows to prolong pleasure of feeding by a breast for some months. It is in addition possible to include also in the diet a foodstuff and broths of grasses which have laktogennye properties.

Dokarmlivanie dairy mixes or the mixed feeding

If, despite of all your efforts, chest milk does not suffice the child, consult to the doctor about dokarmlivanii the kid dairy mixes. Such feeding will be called as mixed. However it is necessary to underline, what even the small amount of parent milk - is much better, than its full absence. Therefore do the utmost, that milk at you has not disappeared.

Some key rules which it is necessary to adhere at the mixed feeding:

• Try to nurse each time the child under its requirement, including night time to warn fast fading of a lactation.
• Dokarmlivanie a dairy mix give only after chest feeding.
• Remember, the less often you will put the kid to a breast, the the lactation will fast stop.
• If dokarmlivanija small, it it is necessary to give volume a tea spoon or to give to drink from a cup as at children who receive meal through a dummy, character sosatelnyh movements therefore they wish to suck a breast of mother less changes that leads to fast fading of a lactation.
• At dokarmlivanii a dairy mix through a dummy it is necessary to watch that she answered on the size of an oral cavity of the child and was enough elastic, with 4-5 small apertures on the end.

To check up adequacy of the size of apertures, turn a bottle with a dairy mix a dummy downwards: if milk at first follows a thin stream, and then drops - means everything is all right; if frequency of drops small or them is not present in general, - means apertures are too small, the child will be neudovletvoren, will quickly get tired; if milk flows a continuous stream apertures too big, feeding through a dummy is dangerous, the child can poperhnutsja or even to choke.

• The dairy mix for dokarmlivanija should not be too hot or cold, it warm up in a special electroheater or on a water bath (in a pan with hot water) to a body temperature of 36-37 degrees and do it directly ahead of chest feeding.