Pregnancy and childbirth, pregnancy calendar, birth of the child, development of the child, health of children.

The medicine knows set of the reasons which can affect in the adverse image pre-natal development of the kid and lead to formation of defects.

Approximately 3-4 % of all newborns have those or other developmental anomalies. The modern medicine yet in forces to prevent occurrence of the majority of these defects. However, as to developmental anomalies of the central nervous system (TSNS) a fruit performance of simple measures allows to lower probability that is to warn their occurrence.

Folic acid for the prevention of developmental anomalies

The medicine knows set of the reasons which can affect in the adverse image pre-natal development of the kid and lead to formation of defects.

Approximately 3-4 % of all newborns have those or other developmental anomalies. The modern medicine yet in forces to prevent occurrence of the majority of these defects. However, as to developmental anomalies of the central nervous system (TSNS) a fruit performance of simple measures allows to lower probability that is to warn their occurrence.

On frequency of occurrence developmental anomalies TSNS at a fruit take the second place after heart diseases and make 2-4 cases on 1800 born children. From all cases of defects TSNS are most often observed a spinal hernia (spina bifida) and anentsefalija (anencephaly - absence of a brain). About 1/3 newborns with defects TSNS die soon after sorts, and from those who survives, 65 % have the gross infringements leading invalidizatsii.

Now it is not known, that particularly leads to formation of defects TSNS. Consider, that the combination of several factors (genetic and environment factors) defines occurrence of defects TSNS in a fruit.

Reception of folic acid in a dose of 400 microgram (0,4 mg) daily within 1-3 months before pregnancy and the first months of pregnancy reduces on 70 % probability of occurrence specified above defects TSNS at a fruit. Such dose of folic acid is a part practically of all polyvitamins, including vitamins for pregnant women.

Some factors raise probability of occurrence of defects TSNS at a fruit. In particular, if the woman or at someone in her family or a family of the husband had earlier a pregnancy, with defect TSNS at a fruit if the woman has insulinozavisimaja a diabetes form such patient has the raised risk of occurrence of defects TSNS in the subsequent pregnancy. In such situations higher doses of folic acid before conception are usually appointed.

90-95 % of all cases of defects TSNS at a fruit happen in the absence of the listed risk factors.

Folic acid is a vitamin of group In, necessary for production of the certain amino acids which deficiency is observed at spina bifida and anentsefalii.

Green sheet vegetables (green kachannyj salad, cabbage), bean, oranges, pears, rice, a soya, a liver - the products rich with this vitamin. However, only increase in the diet of this foodstuff it is impossible to achieve adequate receipt of folic acid in an organism.

Fruit bodies TSNS - head and a spinal cord - are formed in the first 2-4 weeks of pregnancy. As it is difficult to expect in advance in what of menstrualnyh cycles there will come pregnancy, and defects TSNS can already be present by that moment when the woman learns, that it is pregnant, reception of folic acid in a dose of 400 microgram a day is recommended to all women who plan pregnancy and do not use contraception.

Krasnuha and pregnancy

Krasnuha is a virus disease which very easily and is quickly transferred from the sick person to associates air-drop by. The most frequent symptom krasnuhi is rash occurrence on a body. Thus the patient krasnuhoj becomes infectious for associates 7 days prior to rash occurrence on a body and remains an infection source within 7-10 days after its occurrence. Besides, it is not rare krasnushnaja a rash in general is absent at the diseased and unique symptoms of illness can be: increase in occipital lymph nodes or occurrence of pains in joints.

In overwhelming majority of cases krasnuha proceeds easily, does not demand any special treatment and is not dangerous disease, with unique but: krasnuha it is extremely dangerous, if illness arises in the first 5 months of pregnancy.

Danger consists that the virus krasnuhi easily gets through a placenta to a fruit and can lead to formation of developmental anomalies of heart, deafness, a cataract, infringement of intellectual development. If the pregnant woman has transferred krasnuhu to the first 8-10 weeks of pregnancy risk of occurrence one or several of listed above pathologies at a fruit makes 90 %. The probability of defects decreases to 10-20 % if the pregnant woman has caught krasnuhoj in 11-16 weeks. The virus krasnuhi practically does not render any negative action on development of the kid after 20 weeks of pregnancy.

Fortunately, the person is ill krasnuhoj only once in a life. After the transferred infection in an organism proof immunity is formed. Therefore, if the woman to pregnancy was ill krasnuhoj, the repeated meeting with a virus during pregnancy to it is not terrible. Antibodies (immunity) being in blood will instantly connect and will deduce from an organism repeatedly got virus krasnuhi, not having given it to reach a fruit.

It is impossible to be completely assured, that you have an immunity to krasnuhe, being based that you already once in the childhood were ill with this illness. Symptoms krasnuhi are not specific also a rash which was at you in the childhood, could be wrongly accepted for krasnuhu though it has been caused absolutely by other disease. In the same way absence of the fact of illness in the past at all does not mean, that you were not ill krasnuhoj. After all, as it was mentioned above, krasnuha can proceed and without a rash.

Considering, that to not old time to Russia the inoculation from krasnuhi was not included into the list of obligatory vaccination, 15-20 % of all women at the age of 18-44 years have no immunity to krasnuhe. Thus many of these women wrongly think, that were ill krasnuhoj in the past. Only the blood analysis on antibodies to krasnuhe allows to tell unequivocally, whether you were ill earlier krasnuhoj or not. It is better to find out it before pregnancy. If immunity is, krasnuha to you is not terrible any more, including and the pregnancy period. In case immunity to krasnuhe is not present, for its occurrence spend vaccination. The inoculation from krasnuhi should be made not later than for 3 months before pregnancy.

Chronic diseases and pregnancy

If you have any chronic disease in which occasion you are under supervision at the doctor, necessarily consult with it before pregnancy

• As this disease can affect pregnancy and
• As pregnancy can affect a disease current.

For example, all women, suffering a diabetes require the careful control over level of sugar of blood. If the quantity of sugar in blood above norm, it considerably raises risk of development of certain defects which are formed in the first 2-4 weeks of pregnancy i.e. when the woman still can and not know, that it is pregnant. Sugar maintenance in blood in normal limits by means of specially developed diet and the picked up medicinal therapy during the period when the woman tries to become pregnant, reduces probability of occurrence of these defects to a minimum.

The current of some serdechnososudistyh (klapannye heart diseases, a pulmonary hypertensia, an arterial hypertension) and nephritic diseases can essentially worsen against pregnancy, putting health and a life of future mum under threat.

Therefore, the women, suffering serious chronic diseases, require more careful control during pregnancy. More often such pregnant women are observed in specialised medical institutions

Preliminary consultation of the doctor allows to discuss and make the plan of conducting the future pregnancy in advance.

Weight of a body

The superfluous weight of a body at future mum contributes to occurrence of serious problems during pregnancy. Them concern:

• The raised risk of development spina bifida at a fruit (developmental anomaly TSNS, see above),
• Increase of arterial pressure,
• gestatsionnyj, that is arising during pregnancy, a diabetes,
• The birth large, more than 4 kg, the kid that raises probability travmatizatsii both mums, and the child during sorts, increases duration of sorts.

The insufficient weight of a body at the woman at the moment of pregnancy approach raises risk of premature birth.

What to reduce to a minimum occurrence specified above problems, try to correct your weight before pregnancy.

Smoking

The fact is absolutely proved, that smoking by the extremely adverse image influences health of the person. Smoking promotes development of a cancer of lungs, an osteoporosis (the raised fragility of bones), occurrence serdechnososudistyh diseases both at men, and at women, is a risk factor for development of a cancer of a neck of a uterus.

As to a question of approach of pregnancy numerous researches have shown:

• Smoking causes infringement of mechanisms of maturing and an exit jajtsekletki from jaichnika,
• Smoking reduces quantity spermatozoidov in sperm and their mobility, promotes occurrence of the increased quantity of pathological forms spermatozoidov, can cause infringements erektsii,
• Smoking negatively influences fertilisation processes jajtsekletki and pregnancy attachments to uterus walls.

That is why among married couples which plan pregnancy and where the husband or the wife smoke, ability to conception for 30-40 % more low in comparison with non-smoking steams. Besides, at smoking women twice above probability of approach of extra-uterine pregnancy.

If pregnancy has come also the woman continues to smoke, at it the risk of development of such serious complications of pregnancy as considerably raises:

• Spontaneous abortion (at non-smoking 15-20 %, at smokers of 30-40 %),
• Placenta prelying (a condition at which the placenta is located very low in a cavity of a uterus and which can lead to development of bleedings menacing to a life during pregnancy and sorts),
• Premature birth,
• Birth of the child with low weight of a body because of the lowered receipt of oxygen through a placenta to a fruit.

Therefore, if you smoke, put a maximum of efforts to throw this bad habit before pregnancy. I think, that the strong desire to have the healthy kid will help you to cope with this problem.

Alcohol

As often happens, that having learnt about pregnancy approach, the woman regretfully and alarm recollects that has drunk not so long ago a glass of wine or a beer glass etc. yet not knowing that is already pregnant. This alarm quite obosnovanna. Numerous supervision show, that the constant use of alcohol during pregnancy leads to pre-natal  destruction of a fruit, to formation of numerous developmental anomalies.

The medicine does not know, what minimum dose of alcohol is safe during pregnancy. And any doctor cannot guarantee, that that, let even absolutely small glass of wine, that you have drunk, being already pregnant, by which image will not be reflected in development of your child. Therefore,

• If you wish to get rid of excitements and fears how this or that dose of alcohol can affect on health of your future kid,
• If you wish to have the healthy child,

That is better in general refrain from the use of any alcoholic drinks if plan pregnancy or are already pregnant.

This recommendation concerns not only future mums, but also daddies too. Researches have shown, what even after one drunk bottle of beer, there are 30 % mobility decrease spermatozoidov the next 72 days. The more low mobility spermatozoidov, the is less than chances for pregnancy approach.

Caffeine, sauna-bath, sports

Superfluous consumption of caffeine in the first 8-12 weeks of pregnancy is connected with the raised frequency of a spontaneous abortion. Therefore, if you plan pregnancy, limit coffee or tea reception (especial green) to 3 cups in day.

If you plan pregnancy, or are already pregnant, do not take a great interest in campaigns in a sauna, a bath. Excessive heating of a body at early stages of pregnancy can lead to formation of developmental anomalies at a fruit, in particular defects TSNS (spina bifida, anencephaly).

Playing sports, physical exercises is not counter-indicative, if you think of pregnancy approach. However, avoid heavy physical activities, command sports during which time you can strike or push, or such kinds of sports which are interfaced to high risk of falling (for example, mountain skiing).

Medicines

Though many medicines are safe enough during pregnancy and do not render the negative influence, some medicines can cause infringements of development in a fruit. To such preparations which can lead to formation of developmental anomalies at a fruit, medicines for hypertension treatment (enalapril), a diabetes, an epilepsy (valproevaja acid), anticoagulants (kumadin), some hormonal preparations which structure includes man's sexual hormones - androgeny and others concern, for example. However, if owing to those or other reasons you accept medicines and are afraid, that they can cause developmental anomalies in the future kid, at all do not throw their use without preliminary consultation of the doctor. The sharp termination of treatment can affect much in the worst image a normal current of pregnancy, than reception of a preparation. Discuss with your doctor possible influence on pregnancy of that medicine which you accept. If it is necessary, the doctor can recommend you adequate replacement, with the minimum risk for the future pregnancy.

If there was a necessity for treatment, always inform the doctor that plan pregnancy so that the doctor has appointed to you a safe medicine for pregnancy.

Menstrualnyj a cycle: days in which pregnancy approach is the most probable

Conception is the most probable, if the intimate affinity occurs 1-2 days prior to, during time or at the first 24 o'clock after ovuljatsii. Ovuljatsija is an exit ripened jajtsekletki from jaichnika. At an interval between the first day of one menstruatsii and in the first afternoon following menstruatsii 26-30 days, ovuljatsija can occur for 12-15 day of a cycle. Days of a cycle are considered, since first day menstruatsii. The first day menstruatsii - the first day of a cycle. Therefore, if you plan pregnancy, try to have intimate affinity daily for 12-15 days of yours menstrualnogo a cycle.

At irregular menstrualnom a cycle that is when intervals between menstruatsijami 35 days there are more, it is practically impossible to predict day ovuljatsii. Besides, at an irregular cycle ovuljatsija can occur not every month. It reduces probability of approach of pregnancy. Consult with the gynecologist, that to you to do, if at you irregular menstrualnyj a cycle.

Be not upset, if pregnancy does not come at once as soon as you have wanted it. Frequency of reproduction of the person - is not high, on the average for conception 4-6 months are required. If to take 100 healthy married couples which have intimate affinity during the moment ovuljatsii at the woman, pregnancy nasupit only at 20-25 of them. That is, frequency of approach of pregnancy in one menstrualnom a cycle makes 20-25 %. So, if in 6 months pregnancy still has not come, do not torment itself thoughts on barreness. As barreness is called the situation when pregnancy does not come within one year regular (3 times a week) a sexual life provided that the pair does not use any ways of contraception. And only for women barreness is more senior 35 years is an absence of pregnancy in 6 months of a regular sexual life.

So, if you plan pregnancy to you it is necessary:

• To begin reception of folic acid of 400 microgram daily,
• To make the test, whether what to find out there is at you an immunity to krasnuhe,
• To lower weight, if at you superfluous weight of a body,
• To stop to smoke,
• To refrain from the use of alcohol,
• Before the beginning of reception of any medicines to consult with the doctor,
• To watch the menstruatsijami.