Pregnancy and childbirth, pregnancy calendar, birth of the child, development of the child, health of children.

Not always red cheeks of the child are a sign of a good state of health. Often they become a subject of steadfast attention of experts and suggest, that at your kid has arisen atopichesky (or allergic) a diathesis.

That is covered under the name "atopichesky a diathesis"

It still name ekssudativnyj, or an allergic diathesis. But today in the world use definition atopichesky a diathesis or atopichesky dermatit more. Unfortunately, it is widespread enough pathology among children.

It, first of all pathological propensity of the child to changes on a skin - rashes, dryness or lushcheniju. At atopicheskom a diathesis of change of a skin are caused not by infectious agents (bacteria, viruses), and grow out of allergic reactions. As is known, their reason is allergens. Such reactions can lead to development of different allergic diseases among which a bronchial asthma, hypostasis Kvinke, an allergic rhinitis, allergic konjunktivit, allergic krapivnitsa and others … All these diseases are united by very similar mechanism of an allergic inflammation. The Atopichesky diathesis is a vivid example of allergic process at which body-target is the skin.

At children of the first year of a life the skin has an especial structure, it gentle and more vulnerable, and immune system, owing to the nedorazvitija, still the imperfect. Therefore atopichesky the diathesis begins, as a rule, during this period. It is known, that one of the basic functions of a skin - barrier, that is it is a question of a natural barrier between environment and an organism. The condition of hyperreactance (hypersensibility) peculiar to a skin at atopicheskom dermatite, is characterised by that it becomes more susceptible (hypersensitive) to any external razdrazhiteljam, such as meal, temperature, a friction, chemical substances, etc.

In occurrence of an allergy at children can play the negative role factors which during pregnancy operate on a fruit, and after sorts - on the newborn. These are illnesses of the woman during pregnancy, application of medical products, especially antibiotics, an irrational food of the pregnant woman (the superfluous use of milk, chocolate, eggs), early transfer of the child into artificial feeding and is a lot of others. The essential role in occurrence of allergic reactance is played by family hereditary propensity to such type of diseases.

This disease meets mainly at children of first three years of a life. At certain group of children the diathesis gradually reduces the activity, but nevertheless in advanced age against a food allergy other kinds of allergies can be formed: household, pollen, fungoid. On our data, all children who suffer atopicheskim a diathesis, have infringements biotsenoza intestines that can cause a bacterial allergy. Such children often enough have various infringements of activity of bodies of digestion in the form of a long diarrhoeia, a dyskinesia zhelchevyvodjashchih ways, gastroduodenitov, insufficiency vneshnesekretornoj pancreas functions.

Allergy first signs are shown more often at the age from two about five months. The earliest clinical displays atopicheskogo a diathesis, characteristic for children of one-one and a half years of a life, are oprelosti, seboreja, krapivnitsa, becoming wet ekzema, dermatit and a neurodermatitis (defeat of a skin which is accompanied by frustration of nervous system).

About the products of a children's food causing displays of a diathesis

One of the first and basic food allergens for kids is the cow milk which in the structure has to 20 various components, capable to cause an allergy at children at artificial feeding (it also name a dairy allergy). To these components other fibers of milk belong basically casein, laktoglobulin and laktoalbumin, and.

Except the cow milk, any product can become for the child the development reason atopicheskogo a diathesis. It depends not only on character of a product, but also its individual shipping.

In general, all basic products of a children's food conditionally divide into three categories: with high, average and low allergenicity.

To products with high allergenic properties carry eggs, fish, caviar and other seafood; groats - wheat, a rye; vegetables - carrots, tomatoes, pepper; fruits - citrus, pineapples, kivi, a mango, pomegranates, a persimmon, melons; berries - a strawberry, wild strawberry, a raspberry; natural coffee, chocolate and cocoa, mushrooms, nuts, medical

To products with average allergenic properties the cow milk, a butter, the beef, chicken meat, grechka, an oats, rice, peas, beans, a soya belong; from vegetables - a potato, a beet; from fruit - peaches, apricots; from berries - a cranberry, cherries, a bilberry, a black currant, a dogrose.

With low allergenic properties sour-milk products, meat of a turkey-cock, a rabbit, the fast pork, the refined vegetable oil, millet, pearl-barley, corn groats are considered as products; among vegetables - cabbage colour, belokochannaja, vegetable marrows, cucumbers, parsley, fennel; from fruit - apples of green and white colours, pears; from berries - a red and white currant.

At children of chest and early age the individual cross or multicomponent intolerance of these or those products can be observed. At a cross allergy the intolerance not only fibers of dairy mixes, but also mixes and products on the basis of soya fibers can take place. Such example is the cross intolerance, both milk, and meat of animals, basically beef. If the child cannot use some egg same concerns also chicken meat.

The intolerance of many kinds of products has the name "a polyvalent allergy". It is the heaviest variant atopicheskogo a diathesis which is often transformed in chronic atopichesky dermatit and other forms of allergic diseases.

About a diathesis at children at chest feeding

Certainly, milk of mother is an ideal food for children of the first year of a life. This results from the fact that chest milk, thanks to the unique structure, creates a powerful barrier in intestines from penetration into an organism alien food, and also bacterial allergens. But at some children even at natural feeding the allergy to chest milk can be observed. Thus heavy forms, as a rule, it is not observed. It is connected by that some mothers abuse the cow milk during pregnancy or during a lactation. Its fibers in superfluous quantity can already transfer a sensitisation (hypersensibility) to the child through milk. But such cases in my practice was a little. Besides, the allergy sometimes arises at the child at chest feeding if at the woman milk is infected, but in this case the allergy already will be not food, but bacterial. It needs to be treated other methods.

If at the child who is raised by chest milk, it is found out atopichesky a diathesis, first of all, it is necessary to analyse a food allowance of mother and to make corresponding amendments. For such women develop special hypoallergenic diets. The last exclude products which have raised allergenic or sensibilizirujushchee property. To them milk, cheese unsteady, fish, eggs, wheat flour, and also garlic, an onions, a radish, meat broths from the beef meat, fish, a hen and mushrooms belong. An offal has the greatest allergenic properties, especially a liver. In little bit smaller quantity groats (buckwheat, rice, millet), a potato, sugar, a butter, white bread are allowed sour cream.

It is necessary to increase the use of sour-milk products. We will tell, if usually feeding mother is authorised to use about 500 ml of sour-milk products in cases atopicheskogo a diathesis at children this volume it is possible to finish about 600 ml. Basically, it there should be a kefir, it is desirable low-fat (1,5-2 %). In a diet increase quantity vysokobelkovyh products, such as low-fat cheese, meat of birds, and also the vegetables, the refined oil, rye bread, fruit juice within one glass. And, juice should be natural, not combined, simple, such as, for example, plam, apple, etc. it is necessary to adhere to Such hypoallergenic diet of mother throughout the period of feeding of the child a breast. It is desirable to adhere to such diet throughout last trimester of pregnancy to all women. And that who suffers an allergy, the hypoallergenic diet is necessary during all period of pregnancy. Such cautions concern and feeding mothers.

Diet for children on the artificial or mixed feeding

At children who are on the mixed and artificial feeding, it is necessary to analyse carefully their food allowance and to introduce corresponding corrective amendments. If allergy displays to fibers of the cow milk are expressed moderately it is necessary to exclude whole milk from a diet, the fresh adapted mixes, cheese. Children in such cases translate on the adapted sour-milk mixes, and in cases of heavy forms of a diathesis appoint medical hypoallergenic mixes with gidrolizirovannym an albuminous component. In a food of children is more senior seven-mouth age it is possible to use not adapted sour-milk products: kefir, biokefir, mixes with gidrolizirovannym fiber in volume of one-two feedings a day.

If diets which include sour-milk products, are not effective enough to children with the expressed intolerance of fibers of the cow milk, it is possible to recommend specialised mixes on the basis of soya fiber and bezmolochnye feeding up products. However it is necessary to remember, that an essential positive effect from soya mixes it is possible to expect only in 3-4 weeks from the beginning of their application. Do not hasten to change a mix again at all!

Duration of the use of soya mixes should be not less than three-nine months and even more. But at 20-30 % of children which suffer an allergy, use and such products does not give positive result. In these cases the hypoallergenic effect bezmolochnogo a food is reached both at use of soya mixes, and by means of special gidrolizirovannyh mixes. Thus earlier is necessary (on one-two weeks) introduction in a diet bezmolochnyh feeding up products: vegetable mashed potatoes since 4 months, porridge on a soya mix or gidrolizate (a mix which contains nutrients at once in deeply split condition) since 5-5,5 months, meat mashed potatoes - since 6-6,5 months. Exclude from a diet cheese, yolks, fish. Crackers, bread, semolina, pasta enter to the menu later. It is necessary to mean also, that in these cases fruit juice allows (to dissolve in the dissolved kind on 1/3 parts with water), tea should not contain aromatizatorov. And in general, any specific food additions to children to use it is not necessary.

In general, dietoterapija is the major link in complex treatment of children with atopicheskim a diathesis. Main principle of dietetic therapy is removal from a diet of foodstuff which cause an allergy, with their equivalent replacement. Thus it is necessary to take into consideration age requirements of the child concerning the use of certain substances and sources of receipt of energy. The choice of dietary treatment always should be individual, taking into account the found out allergens, a sharpness and weight of allergic process, age and nutritivnogo the status (a fatness condition) the child, accompanying diseases.

Meat, hens, early vegetables and groats use at atopicheskom a diathesis under condition of their obligatory vymachivanija. The potato needs to be soaked in cold water throughout 12-14 hours, other vegetables and groats - 12 hours. Meat after vymachivanija is recommended for striking to double cooking. Thus, accordingly made diet with an exception allergizirujushchih products and correct technology of preparation give the chance to reach return development of disease, to reduce frequency of relapses and to warn occurrence of heavy chronic forms of disease.

Throughout the first year of a life it is necessary for kid to enter three feedings up gradually.

The first feeding up enter at 4-month's age. Vegetable mashed potatoes should be the basic product. At first it is better, that it was one, later - two, and further three-componental. To products which use for the first feeding up, vegetable marrows, bush pumpkins, colour, belokochannaja, Brussels sprouts, light colour a pumpkin belong. The potato, considering its allergenic properties, should be a part some mashed potatoes in volume of no more than 20 % from total. Each new kind of vegetables enter gradually. For mashed potatoes it is possible to use the natural or frozen vegetables, and also tinned mashed potatoes, specialised for a children's food. To vegetable mashed potatoes add the vegetative refined deodorized sunflower or corn oil.

The second feeding up enter from 5-month's age. Groats select individually. Less all allergenic of them is grechka. Use rice, ovsjanuju and corn groats Less often. In general, all of them are allergenic, but most of all this property is expressed in a decoy. Therefore for children with atopicheskim a diathesis the cream of wheat is necessary for excluding from a diet. Instead it is necessary to give advantage bezmolochnym to porridges for a children's food which are made specially by the food-processing industry from ecologically pure raw materials. Such porridges are enriched by vitamins and mineral salts including iron, cooking do not demand, and to prepare them it is possible on water or on a specialised mix (soya or gidrolizate). It is possible to add baked or vegetable oil Later. For the purpose of correction of an albuminous part of a diet from 5,5-6 months (for 1-1,5 months earlier, than at usual children) enter meat mashed potatoes from twice boiled meat. If the child cannot use beef which has antigene relationship with fibers of the cow milk use fast pork, meat of a rabbit or a turkey.

The third feeding up enter from 6,5-7 months in the form of the second vegetable or ovoshchno-krupjanogo dishes. To it it is already possible to add vegetable marrows with corn groats or a pumpkin with buckwheat or boiled rice. Variants can be different, taking into account tastes of the child and desire of mother.

From fruit advantage give to apples of green and white colours, pears, a yellow and red currant, yellow and red sweet cherries, yellow plums. But also here it is necessary to leave individual tastes and allergic sensitivity of each child. It is necessary to remember also, that the boiled and baked fruit always less allergenic. Such products as eggs and fish, it is recommended to exclude absolutely from a diet of children about one year and even more.

The minimum duration bezmolochnogo a food should reach 4-6 months. But can last and before half a year. Against bezmolochnoj diets begin expansion of a diet of kids with introduction of sour-milk products which have smaller allergenicity. After gradually try to enter the dissolved milk and cheese. A diet expand very cautiously and gradually, under the control of the general condition of the child, with obligatory registration of arising allergic reactions and relapses. And, to do it it is better under the control not only clinical indicators, but also immunologicheskih than researches.

About vaccination

As many vaccines incorporate fiber it is necessary to concern inoculations with care, especially at children with heavy forms of an allergy. Vaccination spend against strict dietoterapii as the basic hypoallergenic therapy is correctly organised diet. Only in unusual cases under the control of the doctor it is possible to spend medicamentous preparation of the child for an inoculation. But to do vaccination it is possible and even it is necessary!

As a whole, it would be desirable to tell, that atopichesky the diathesis is absolutely operated condition of the child, its health depends only on efforts, demands correctly organised food and your persistence.