Pregnancy and childbirth, pregnancy calendar, birth of the child, development of the child, health of children.

This vitamin is, almost major of all in formation of bone system of an organism of the child. You dream of harmonous beautiful legs of your daughter, the correct form of a head, a beautiful trunk, hands. And can, see the harmonous high young man who embraces mum? Then attentively read about wonderful vitamin D.

From history.

In 1650 English doctor Frensis Glison has in details described disease which amazed mainly children of early age. Because of a wide circulation of this disease among badly provided layers of the population of its England named English illness. Changes in bone system were MAIN sign of this disease.

Why bones?

They become so soft, that under the influence of weight of muscles which on them are, bent and type the strange ugly form. Together with it, there pass changes of a tone of muscles which become weakened and languid. Under the pressure of internal bodies stomach muscles, therefore at children sick of English illness are stretched, the stomach sharply increases. The head gets is disproportionate the big sizes, the thorax is compressed, the stomach droops, feet become curves. These signs do patients appreciable on distance.

Principal cause of a softening of bones is sharp reduction of MAINtenance in them of calcium and phosphorus. If in a normal bone there are 66 % of salts of calcium and 29 % hrjashchevoj MAINtenance hrjashchevoj weights reaches weights at English illness in bones there are only 18 % kaltsievyh salts, and more than 70 %.

As, as a result of a softening of bones, curvatures in a backbone conduct to considerable distortion of a thorax and deterioration of work of internal bodies English illness has got the name "rickets" from the Greek word "rahis" - a backbone.

Represented by artists …

It is necessary to notice, that long since the rickets was known not only to doctors. Even in pictures of artists, in particular the period of XV century, often represented children with obvious symptoms of this disease.

Immediate cause of occurrence of a rickets nobody knew long time. But doctors always considered as its consequence of insufficiency of a food. Also there were many supervision concerning occurrence of a rickets in children which though and rather well ate, but grew in premises without a sunlight (in cellars, houses with court yard "wells").

The Polish doctor Guldchinsky has established possibility of the prevention and even treatment of a rickets at children after an irradiation their light of the sun or ultra-violet beams of a quartz lamp. On the other hand, it was revealed, that some substances of an animal or a phytogenesis after an irradiation their ultra-violet beams get ability to warn disease after their addition in meal in very insignificant quantities. Such substance which preserves against a rickets, vitamin D is. It is in structure zhiropodobnyh substances of a skin (lipoidov). Therefore the rickets can be treated a sunlight which ultra-violet beams, getting on a skin, prepare in it own medicines - vitamin D.

In what vitamin wonderful action?

Vitamin D has some the forms. Them name kaltsiferoly and they are presented mainly in the form of two substances: ergokaltsiferol (vitamin D2) which contains in yeast, and holekaltsiferol (vitamin D3) which is received from fabrics of animals. In a human body both these substances turn to active forms of vitamin. The requirement in kaltsiferolah averages 100 ME (international units) a day.

The biological role kaltsiferolov is connected with their active participation in a calcium exchange. They stimulate mastering of this element with its putting off in bones. That is why the basic symptoms of English illness were shown by a softening of bones.

Hence, at insufficiency of vitamins of group D, children mainly first three years of a life have rickets signs. At adults (especially at pregnant women) which are on the sun a little, do not use enough high-grade meal, the bone fabric loses calcium, and bones are softened. In these cases such phenomenon name an osteoporosis. Insufficiency of vitamins of group D can develop and at children is more senior three years, especially during the periods of intensive growth if their albuminous food is insufficient, and also sharp change of climatic conditions takes place. Besides, in development of D-vitamin insufficiency result chronic nephritic insufficiency, illnesses of a liver, long reception protivosudorozhnyh preparations, a syndrome malabsorbtsii (broken vsasyvanija in intestines) different genesis.

Again about a rickets

At an initial stage of deficiency of vitamin D at children about one year the appetite decrease, raised potlivost (especially ladoshek, stop and volosistoj head parts), concern, hypererethism, dream deterioration, oblysenie a nape is observed. Parents, and the doctor can notice these signs, examining the child, decrease in a muscular tone also will pay attention to a pliability (softening) of edges big temechka.

If during occurrence of initial symptoms of a rickets not to accept measures on preventive maintenance and treatment, in some weeks the following stage - the heat period will develop. To it bone deformations are characteristic: change of the form of a skull (uploshchenie a nape, skull lengthening, occurrence of frontal hillocks), thorax deformation (sticking - "a breast of the shoemaker", or vypjachivanie - "a chicken breast"), curvatures of bones of feet (especially if the kid already goes) H or the O-like form, also there is a basin narrowing, appear bone increase in the form of "bracelets", "pearls threads", "rachitic beads", that is well visible at radiological inspection.

Except bone deformations, in rickets cases, growth of a teeth is slowed down, there are gross infringements of functioning of different bodies: changes in the robot of heart and lungs, dysfunction of a gastroenteric path (locks), vegeto-vascular displays (expressed potlivost, a marble shade of a skin). Children with a rickets in a heat stage start to lag behind in development.

At any moment symptoms of a heat of a rickets pass, the child feels better, but consequences of the transferred disease can remain for all life in the form of the deformed bones: the curve feet, the changed form of a skull, narrow the wrong form a basin, that for girls - future mums - is dangerous complications during pregnancy and sorts. Besides, children who have transferred a rickets to heat stages, are inclined to development of chronic diseases or often are ill.

For this reason it is not necessary to lead up a situation to a rickets heat, and to be engaged in preventive maintenance of illness before occurrence of its symptoms.

For rickets preventive maintenance try to nurse the child at least half a year. If the kid is on artificial feeding, to it from 4-5 months appoint a feeding up. Give it for preventive maintenance vitamin D3. But in these cases it is necessary, that for the kid the local pediatrist as surplus of vitamin D3 can do much harm to health of the child (to brake growth) conducted supervision.

Do to the kid gymnastics and massage to strengthen bones

Walk with the child of not less than two hours per day. If for any reason of walk are impossible, arrange to the kid an air bath of simply house, having dressed it as for walk and having opened a window. With newborn start to walk at once in some days after an extract from maternity home, at first holding the kid on hands. Active components of vitamin D are formed in a skin of the child under the influence of an ultraviolet. Whether it means, what in the summer your kid can sunbathe golenkim under sun beams? Certainly, no! The absent-minded ultraviolet which gets through a crone of trees entirely will suffice it. Besides, children very easily overheat, and too it is necessary to remember it. The summer, in general, fertile is time for walks, especially zagorodom, on a summer residence or in village, far away from exhaust gases and a city smog! It is known, for example, that automobile exhausts which pollute atmosphere, can become the reason of occurrence of avitaminosises at small children. Scientists have come to conclusion, that in city centre because of air gassed condition in a skin of kids is formed less vitamin D. Polluted air detains ultra-violet beams much more, and they do not reach a skin surface. Process of formation of vitamin D that can lead to serious diseases, in particular, to a rickets is thus broken.

In the summer, in connection with active influence of solar beams and the strengthened formation of vitamin D, the child requires especially products which contain calcium. Otherwise the lack of calcium of blood is capable to entail spasms - so-called spazmofiliju. Therefore from 6-8 monthly age in a diet of the kid recommend to enter kaltsijsoderzhashchie products (cheese, an egg yolk, a butter).

The pediatrist who can notice in due time symptoms of a rickets should survey the child regularly and appoint corresponding treatment.

Vitamin D and diabetes

The Finnish scientists have come to conclusion, that regular reception of vitamin D at children's age considerably reduces risk of occurrence of a diabetes. They studied group of 12 thousand children which were born in 1966. During the period till 1997 the diabetes has been found out in 81 men.

In the course of supervision children have been divided into groups, depending on vitamin reception. It has appeared, that its use in general reduces risk of occurrence of disease, but most of all it is appreciable at enough high doses and regular reception. In such cases the probability of development of disease decreases on 80 %.

It is besides, noticed, that at children who have transferred a rickets the sharp lack of vitamin D of an organism became which principal cause, the diabetes meets three times more often. Similar data have been received and earlier as a result of experiments on animals and studying of medical cards of diabetics.

Vitamin D and diabetes communication has proved to be true also an example of the Finland. In this country the highest in the world prevalence of a diabetes of the first type (it appears at children's age is more often), and the sunlight there catastrophically does not suffice children.

Therefore it is necessary, that children received vitamin D at least within physiologic necessity.

Where to find kaltsiferol?

The considerable quantity kaltsiferolov suffices contains in eggs, the fish caviar. In dairy products their maintenance is insignificant. Their highest percent is in a liver of sea fish and animals, and also in fat which of them receive. Cod-liver oil and fat of sea animals are not considered as a foodstuff and can be used only as a source kaltsiferolov, at their insufficiency.

Vitamin redispensing

Sometimes from intensive introduction in an organism of the child of vitamin D that occurs as a result of uncontrolled use of preparations and application of high doses in a short time interval, there can be a redispensing condition. In these cases gipervitaminoz it is shown by calcium putting off in different bodies (kidneys, vessels, a heart muscle). The intoxication vitamin D mainly arises at children who are on the artificial feeding, injured in sorts, nedonoshennyh, with low weight of a body at a birth, a hypersensibility, gipotireozom. Intoxication development is promoted by intensive solar or quartz irradiations, reception of preparations of calcium. Therefore notice what to appoint vitamin D the doctor should only. He can correctly choose a necessary dose of a preparation and check special inspections, whether your kid has received enough of this precious vitamin.